Unit 3 - Melanin

Protein Synthesis

100

This process makes mRNA from DNA.

Transcription

200

This process uses mRNA to build a protein.

Translation

300

This is the full process of going from DNA to protein.

Protein Synthesis

400

This "messenger" molecule carries genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

mRNA

500

This three-base sequence on mRNA codes for an amino acid.

Codon

Types of Mutations

100

This is a random change in DNA.

Mutation

200

This mutation replaces one nucleotide with another.

Substitution

300

This mutation changes the reading frame of the DNA sequence.

Frameshift mutation

400

This mutation creates a stop codon, ending translation early.

Nonsense mutation

500

This mutation does not change the amino acid sequence.

Silent Mutation

Genetics Defitions

100

This is the physical expression of a trait.

Phenotype

200

This is the genetic makeup of an organism.

Genotype

300

This means having two different alleles for a gene.

Heterozygous

400

This type of allele is expressed even if only one copy is present.

Dominant Allele

500

This diagram is used to predict offspring traits.

Punnett Square

Cells and Structures

100

This cell structure contains chromosomes.

The nucleus

200

This structure is where proteins are made.

Ribosomes

300

This is part of a gene that codes for a trait.

Allele

400

This is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait.

A gene

500

This is an image of an individual’s chromosomes.

Karyotype

Evolutionary Definitions

100

This process explains how organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce more.

Natural Selection

200

This is a trait that increases survival or reproduction.

Adaptation

300

This is an environmental force that favors certain traits.

Selective Pressure

400

A group of inherited genetic conditions resulting in little to no production of the pigment melanin, affecting skin, hair, and eye color

Albinism

500

This is the genotype that the parents who passed on albinism had.

What is homozygous recessive (aa)?