Forces - in general
How are Mass and Weight different?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, never changes
Weight is the pull of gravity on an object, will change depending on where the object is
Like Poles do what?
and
Opposite Poles do what?
Like Poles repel
Opposite Poles attract
When comparing the gravitational force between two objects, name two things that impact the gravitational pull
Mass - the more mass, the greater the gravitational pull
Distance - as the distance between objects grow, the gravitational pull decreases
Potential energy is ______________ energy
Stored
Kinetic energy is the energy of _____________
Motion
What is the unit of measurement for force?
Newton
What can electromagnets do that "regular" magnets cannot?
1. Turn the magnetic field on and off
2. Increase or decrease the strength of the magnetic field
3. Change polarity
What is meant when we say Gravity is an "attractive" force?
Always pulls towards the object, never pushes
What are the different types of Potential Energy?
1. Chemical (food or fuel)
2. Mechanical or Elastic (stretchy things)
3. Gravitational (up high)
Bonus - Nuclear
What are the different types of Kinetic Energy?
1. Mechanical (energy due to things moving)
2. Electrical (energy due to the flow electrical current)
3. Thermal (energy from motion of particles, heat)
4. Radiant (energy from light or electromagnetic waves)
5. Sound (vibration transferred through an object in a wave to produce sound)
What is Newton's Law of Conservation of Energy say?
Energy is neither created or destroyed, only changed
How can you increase the strength of an electromagnet?
1. Increase the length of the wire used
2. Increase the number of coils used
3. Increase the current/power used
What is an orbit?
Orbits are the result of a perfect balance between the forward motion of a body in space, such as a planet or moon, and the pull of gravity on it from another body in space, such as a large planet or star.
An orbit is the path of an object around a particular point in space
In the formula for calculating Potential Energy, PE = M * H * Gravity, what do the M and H stand for?
M = Mass
H = Height
A skier wants to go down a slope with the most kinetic energy possible. The best way to go faster is to start higher up. Why is this?
Starting higher up will start them with more potential energy, which is converted to kinetic energy
What does Newton's Law of Inertia say?
Objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted upon
As the distance between two magnets increases (they get farther apart), the force between them _______
Decreases
How does the moon influence the tides on Earth?
The Moon and Earth exert a gravitational pull on each other. On Earth, the Moon's gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge out on both the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges create high tides.
When does a rubber band have the MOST potential energy?
when it is stretched out as far as it can go
If two cars of the same mass get in a head on collision, which car will likely damage the other more? (ignore vehicle design and assume transferring more kinetic energy results in more damage)
A. the car going slowest
B. the car going fastest
B - the car going faster has more kinetic energy
What is a force?
A push or pull upon an object
How is the magnetic force different from the gravitational force?
Magnetic forces can push or pull depending on how the poles are aligned
Gravitational forces can only pull
How does the Sun affect the tides on Earth?
The Sun causes tides just like the moon does, although they are somewhat smaller. When the earth, moon, and Sun line up—which happens at times of full moon or new moon—the lunar and solar tides reinforce each other, leading to more extreme tides, called spring tides.
Chemical potential energy is stored in the bonds between atoms. When is chemical potential energy at its greatest?
A. after a chemical reaction occurs
B. when the chemical is being created
C. before a chemical reaction occurs
C
Chemical potential energy is the stored energy in a substance’s chemical structure that can be released in a chemical reaction or as heat.
Suppose you have a grocery cart. You are pushing it down the aisle and you continue to push with the same speed as you put more items in the cart. As you add more groceries to the cart, how will the Kinetic energy of the cart change?
The kinetic energy of the cart will increase because the mass is increasing while the speed remains constant.