Nationalism and Unification
What is nationalism?
Pride in and loyalty to one’s nation or culture.
What term describes prejudice or hostility toward Jewish people?
Anti-Semitism.
What is imperialism?
A stronger nation dominating a weaker region politically or economically.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To divide Africa among European powers without African input.
What drug did Britain illegally sell to China, sparking war?
Opium
How did shared cultural geography help unify Germany?
Common language, traditions, and economic ties made unity easier.
Why did rising European nationalism increase anti-Semitism?
Nationalists viewed minorities as “outsiders” threatening unity.
What was one major reason industrialized nations sought colonies?
Need for raw materials (like rubber, oil, copper).
In 1879, the Zulu unsuccessfully attempted to resist which European power?
The British
What 1900 uprising aimed to remove foreign influence from China?
The Boxer Rebellion.
What is the key difference between anti-Judaism and antisemitism in 19th-century Europe?
Anti-Judaism is opposition based on religious beliefs, while antisemitism is hostility toward Jewish people as an ethnic or racial group.
Name one cultural justification Europeans used for imperialism.
“Civilizing mission” or Social Darwinism.
What is a “superimposed boundary”?
A border drawn by outsiders ignoring ethnic or cultural groups.
What reform movement in 1868 modernized Japan and ended isolation?
The Meiji Restoration.
What Prussian leader used “blood and iron” policies to achieve German unification?
Otto von Bismarck.
Give one stereotype or false accusation used to justify anti-Semitism during this era.
Claims about control of banking, conspiracies, or economic scapegoating.
What economic problem pushed European nations to search for new markets during the 19th century?
Overproduction caused by rapid industrialization.
Which Belgian leader claimed the Congo as his personal colony?
King Leopold II
What treaty ended the First Opium War and forced China to open trading ports?
The Treaty of Nanjing.
What Italian leader used guerrilla warfare and the Red Shirts to unify southern Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Which German leader coined the term "anti-semitism"?
Wilhelm Marr
What strategic motive explains why Europeans wanted naval bases around the world?
To protect trade routes and project global power.
What African nation successfully defeated Italy and avoided colonization?
Ethiopia.
Name one reason Japan rapidly became an imperial power by the late 1800s.
Desire for resources, modern military, or rivalry with Western powers.