Learning #1
The fading or weakening in strength or frequency of a non-reinforced (pairing has stopped meaning the UCS is no longer present) conditioned response/s over time
What is EXTINCTION
The naturally occurring reflex or involuntary response
What is UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
An inability to retrieve information and memories from long term memory. Usually a passive/involuntary process.
What is FORGETTING
Form of encoding based on the physical characteristics/information based on the appearance of information or words
What is STRUCTURAL PROCESSING
Remembering information without any specific cues, in any order
What is FREE RECALL
The process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
What is ACQUISITION
Tendency to respond in the same way (a conditioned response) to stimuli similar (but not identical) to the original conditioned stimulus
What is STIMULUS GENERALISATION
Inability to consciously access information stored in long term memory due to the absence of retrieval cues/prompts
What is RETRIEVAL FAILURE
Form of encoding based on the sounds of the information or words
What is PHONEMIC PROCESSING
Remembering without any cues in order of presentation
What is SERIAL RECALL
Doesn't trigger a response until it is paired with the unconditioned response
What is a NEUTRAL STIMULUS
Learned stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
What is CONDITIONED STIMULUS
Previously learned similar information blocks the acquiring/storing/retrieving of new information
What is PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
Involves encoding the meaning of a word and relating it to similar words or knowledge with similar meanings
What is SEMANTIC PROCESSING
Reacquiring knowledge or skills that were previously committed to memory but may have begun to decay over time
What is RELEARNING
Triggers a naturally occurring/innate reflex/involuntary response without prior learning or conditioning
What is UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
Process of learning through an association/pairing being established between a neutral stimulus and one that elicits a reflexive/innate response to create a conditioned response
What is CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
A deliberate attempt to prevent memories from entering one’s conscious awareness
What is SUPPRESSION
The continuous repetition (silently or verbally) or review of information to keep it in short term memory for longer
What is MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL
The ability to identify previously stored information by matching stimuli to stored memories. When you see something again, you retrieve the information from your memory, so you experience again the same stimulus.
What is RECOGNITION
Process through which individuals learn to differentiate among similar stimuli and therefore does not illicit a conditioned response
What is STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION
Appears the same as the unconditioned response but is triggered by the conditioned stimulus alone
What is CONDITIONED RESPONSE
Proposes that memory traces fade with the passage of time. Greater the time between a stimulus and it being retrieved means the more time there is for the memory to fade/disappear
What is DECAY THEORY
It involves making meaningful connections and links between new information and existing knowledge/personal experiences, leading to longer retention.
What is ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL
Accessing and retrieving information previously committed to long term memory and bringing back to conscious awareness in short term memory.
What is RECALL