Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Management
Trivia
100
Sarcoidosis most resembles this type of hypersensitivity reaction
What is Type IV
100
Sarcoidosis causes this classification of lung disease
What is restrictive
100
Sarcoidosis is a "diagnosis of ()"
What is a diagnosis of exclusion
100
This specific legume should be avoided in a patient with G6PD deficiency
What is fava beans
100
The inheritance pattern of G6PD deficiency
What is X-linked recessive
200
G6PD leads to oxidative stress due to underproduction of this molecule
What is NADPH -> reduced glutathione
200
This substance is responsible for the dark colored urine in a G6PD crisis
What is hemoglobin(uria)
200
You will see these RBC abnormalities in G6PD deficiency
What is Heinz bodies and bite cells
200
The first-line treatment of sarcoidosis with organ involvement
What is Glucocorticoids
200
This enzyme breaks down heme in macrophages to biliverdin
What is heme oxygenase
300
This pathway is impaired in G6PD deficiency
What is the HMP shunt
300
G6PD mainly causes this specific type of hemolysis
What is intravascular (also intrinsic: problem with the RBCs themselves)
300
You will see these types of granulomas in sarcoidosis
What is Non-caseating granulomas with rings of surrounding fibrosis
300
Name the drug and the enzyme it inhibits used for raising fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia
What is Hydroxyurea and ribonucleotide reductase
300
This stain is the superior method for diagnosing pulmonary fungi
What is the GMS stain
400
Name one hypothesized reason for high platelets in a G6PD crisis
What is:
Infection -> IL-6 -> platelet production
Inflammation -> IL-6 -> platelet production
Splenic overload while clearing RBCs
400
Sarcoidosis causes itchy eyes due to inflammation of this
Uvea (uveitis)
400
The reason you have to wait to perform enzyme analysis in G6PD deficiency after a crisis is:
Selective destruction of older/deficient cells and reticulocytosis (reticulocytes have lots of the enzyme) will mask the deficiency
400
Name two methods of lymph node biopsies that could be used in a pulmonary sarcoidosis patient
What is EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy
400
G6PD is most prevalent in populations from these two large regions
What is African and Mediterranean
500
Name the enzyme, product, and cell type responsible for the hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis
What is 1-alpha hydroxylase, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), and macrophages
500
Name a fungal infection that presents with the same skin lesions seen in sarcoidosis
What is histoplasmosis or coccidiomycosis or blastomycosis
500
State what will happen to the LDH, Haptoglobin, plasma hemoglobin, and indirect bilirubin
What is
Increased LDH, plasma hemoglobin, and indirect bilirubin
Decreased haptoglobin
500
Name 2 broad classes of drugs that should be avoided in G6PD deficiency
What is anti-malarials, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, nitrofurans, chemotherapeutic agents
500
This is the other name for the glycolysis pathway
What is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway