Social Contracts
The rights each person is born with if they don't belong to a society (rights to keep and defend property).
What is the State of Nature?
This steam-powered invention allowed large numbers of goods and people to travel over land quickly.
What is the locomotive?
While present before industrialization, this increased dramatically with the establishment of so many factories and the invention of the automobile.
What is pollution?
The economist who wrote The Communist Manifesto (with Friedrich Engels) and advocated for a transition from capitalism to communism.
Who is Karl Marx?
The implicit or explicit agreement to give up some rights (to individuals or governments) in exchange for security (AKA what we owe to each other).
What is the social contract?
Patented in 1879, this invention used electricity and carbon filaments to extend working hours by making it easier to see in the dark without lighting a fire.
What is the incandescent lamp?
Workers uniting to demand better wages and working conditions from their employers.
What is collective bargaining?
The economist who wrote Wealth of Nations and advocated for laissez-faire capitalism.
Who is Adam Smith?
The philosopher who believed that the social contract should be enforced by one all-powerful benevolent sovereign (and that people should live by the Golden Rule).
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This invention used electricity to communicate over long distances.
What is the telegraph?
People moving into cities from rural areas to find work and other opportunities
What is urbanization?
The unseen forces which control the market (interactions between price, quantity, supply, and demand).
What is the "invisible hand" theory?
Philosopher who believed that the government should only be the agent of the sovereign and emphasized the need to avoid political associations.
Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau?
This invention allowed clothing to be manufactured faster and more affordably and it became a symbol of both middle and working class women's place in the modern age of industrialization.
What is the sewing machine?
This group of craftsmen violently protested the replacement of skilled laborers with machines.
Who are the Luddites?
One benefit of this system is that society can invest in things that are beneficial even if unprofitable (i.e. public healthcare).
What is communism?
Philosopher who believed that the community must create a government which has a mutually agreed upon system of laws, an unbiased judicial system, and an executive office to carry out/enforce those laws and punishments.
Who is John Locke?
By running electricity through a wire coiled around an iron rod, this invention allowed to the development of countless technologies such as motors, headphones, and the telegraph.
What is the electromagnet?
The widespread use of reliable clocks lead to this type of rigid schedule, disconnecting workers from the the sun's rise and fall and their own bodies' natural rhythms
What is a bell schedule?
A government/economic system which combines a capitalist economy with government assistance programs.
What is socialism?