Mutations
DNA
Epigenetics
Enzymes
Transcription and Translation
100
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA
100
What are genes?
They are the instructions of how you will look and what medical conditions you may have
100
What is epigenetic?
The study of how gene expression is affected by the environment around us.
100
Which is an enzyme, lactose or lactase?
Lactase
100
DNA codes have the letters ATCG, what about mRNA?
UAGC
200
What is a variation?
A change
200
What is the correct order from smallest to largest?
Cell
DNA
Gene
Chromosome
Gene -> DNA -> Chromosome -> Cell
200
What are some environment factors that can affect gene expression?
Name at least 3.
diet, exercise, lifestyle, chemicals around them.
200
What does lactose break down into?
Glucose and Galactose
200
Transcribe the following DNA sequence: ATC
UAG
300
How can a mutation lead to a variation in a population?
They can create changes in the way people live and react to changes in the environment, and can lead to some people adapting better and increasing their chances of survival.
300
What are the four DNA protein bases?
What letter do they start with?
A T C G
300
What would explain why twins appear different 30 years later?
They had different lifestyles that turned some genes "on" or "off"
300
What happens when enzymes are in very cold temperatures?
They work slower
300
Transcribe the following DNA Code: TAC-TGA-CGC-CCC-AGC
AUG-ACU-GCG-GGG-UCG
400
Some people in the world are lactose intolerant, which means they cannot digest milk, while others are not lactose intolerant. Why is this?
A mutation led to some people to be able to digest milk which was important when dairy was their main source of food.
Normally people stopped making lactase as adults but a mutation allowed some people to keep producing lactase as adults and this trait was passed down to the next generation.
400
The image labeled "X" and the "Starch" can go by another name, the "X" represents an enzyme, but what does "Starch" represent?
A substrate.
400
Translate the following mRNA sequence into amino acids: CGA-UGC-ACU-UAG
Arg-Cys-Thr-STP
500
What happens when the temperature of an enzyme rises too much? And what does that mean for the enzyme?
They change the shape of the enzyme and that means that the enzyme's shape will not be able to match wit the substrate.
500
Determine the amino acid of the following DNA sequence by completing a transcription and translation process.
DNA: TAC-CCA-TTT-ACT
mRNA: AUG-GGU-AAA-UGA
Amino Acids: Met-Gly-Lys-STP