Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Name two types of asexual reproduction.
Any two of: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation
In a Punnett square, what do capital letters represent?
Answer: Dominant alleles
What does DNA stand for?
Answer: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The master molecule in cells important to biotechnology.
What is DNA
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.
What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Answer: Increased genetic diversity
In a pedigree, how are affected males typically represented?
Answer: Filled-in squares
Name the four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
Answer: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is used to look at small objects?
What is a Microscope?
Explain the concept of codominance.
Answer: When both alleles for a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygote
In which type of reproduction do gametes fuse to form a zygote?
Answer: Sexual reproduction
What does a 3:1 ratio in a Punnett square typically indicate?
Answer: A cross between two heterozygous individuals for a dominant trait
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
Answer: Double helix
All living organisms are composed of these.
Explain the difference between complete and incomplete dominance.
Answer: In complete dominance, one allele completely masks the other. In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of both alleles
What is parthenogenesis?
Answer: A form of asexual reproduction where an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual
How can you identify a carrier of a recessive trait in a pedigree?
Answer: An unaffected individual with an affected offspring
Explain the base-pairing rule in DNA.
Answer: Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
Gregor Mendel, in addition to studying pea plants, was this religious leader.
What is a priest?
Gregor Mendel did this to pea plants to study different characteristics
What is CROSS-POLINATION
Explain how sexual reproduction contributes to genetic variation in a population.
Answer: Through the combination of genetic material from two parents, crossing over during meiosis, and random assortment of chromosomes
Explain how you would use a Punnett square to predict the probability of a child having blue eyes if both parents are heterozygous for brown eyes (Bb). (4 points)
Answer: Create a Punnett square with Bb x Bb, resulting in BB, Bb, Bb, bb. The probability of blue eyes (bb) is 1/4 or 25%
Describe the process of DNA replication and its importance.
Answer: DNA replication is the process of making an exact copy of DNA. It's important for cell division and passing genetic information to offspring. It involves unwinding the double helix, separating the strands, and using each as a template to build a new complementary strand.
These include concerns about discounting natural resources of developing countries, scientists developing deadly pathogens and creating lifeforms without fully understanding their future impact on the environment.
What are arguments against biotechnology?
An organism with two different alleles is called this.
What is a hybrid?