NS Basics
Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS are called...
A) Tracts
B) Nerves
C) Nuclei
D) Ganglia
C) Nuclei
- Ganglia = cell bodies in CNS
- Tracts = axons in CNS
- Nerves = axons in PNS
Which of the following contains muscle and joint stretch receptors that relay to the cerebellum?
A) Pyramids
B) Olives
C) Superior Colliculi
D) Inferior Colliculi
B) Olives
Pyramids = decussation
Superior Colliculi = visual center
Inferior Colliculi = auditory center
Which of the following connects the two hemispheres, running between them?
A) Association Fibers
B) Commissural Fibers
C) Projection Fibers
B) Commissural Fibers
Association = within the same
Projection = towards back to decussate
Which of the following is responsible for muscle control by releasing Dopamine?
A) Substantia nigra
B) Corpora quadrigemina
C) Pons
D) Medulla
A) Substantia nigra
Corpora quadrigemina = superior/inferior colliculi
Pons = bridge connects cerebrum and cerebellum
Medulla = Reflex center ( cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory )
Which type of neuron has 1 axon with 1 highly branched dendrite?
A) Multipolar
B) Bipolar
C) Unipolar
B) Bipolar
Which type of glial cell lines fluid-filled cavities to move fluid?
A) Microglia
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Satellite Cells
D) Ependymal Cells
D) Ependymal Cells
Afferent tracts use which neuron type?
A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
B) Unipolar
The Pre-central gyrus is the __________.
A) Primary somatic sensory area
B) Primary somatic motor area
C) Primary auditory area
D) Primary visual area
B) Primary somatic motor area
The dorsal portion of the spinal cord is _________ while the ventral portion is __________.
A) Sensory, Motor
B) Motor, Sensory
C) Excitatory, Inhibitory
D) Slower, Faster
A) Sensory, Motor
Which of the following continues as the central canal of the spinal cord?
A) Lateral Ventricles
B) 2nd Ventricle
C) 3rd Ventricle
D) 4th Ventricle
D) 4th Ventricle
Which of the following is responsible for analgesia?
A) Serotonin
B) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
C) Substance P
D) Endorphins and Enkephalins
D) Endorphins and Enkephalins
Which of the following separates cerebellar hemispheres?
A) Falx cerebri
B) Falx cerebelli
C) Tentorium Cerebelli
B) Falx cerebelli
- Falx cerebri = separates cerebral hemisphere
- Tentorium cerebelli = separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Which of the following describes Basal Nuclei?
A) Filter movement, cognition and emotion
B) send auditory impulses to the thalamus
C) Control individual muscles
A) Filter movement, cognition and emotion
Which of the following is correctly matched?
A) Broca's area = ability to understand words
B) Wernicke's area = linked with receptive aphasia
C) Reticular Activating System = " emotional-visceral brain "
D) Limbic System = Emotion-body connections
B) Wernicke's area = linked with receptive aphasia
CNS damage causes loss of motor cortex control. What condition describes this?
A) Spatial Paralysis
B) Spastic Paralysis
C) Flaccid Paralysis
D) Fluent Paralysis
B)Spastic Paralysis
Excitatory Potentials cause ___________. Select all that apply.
A) Stimulus-gated Na+ channels to open
B) Stimulus-gated K+ channels to open
C) Hyperpolarization
D) Depolarization
A) Stimulus-gated Na+ channels to open
D) Depolarization
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
A) relay impulse to and from cerebrum
B) Biologic clock regulation
C) Appetite regulation
C) Appetite regulation
Thalamus = relay center
Pineal Gland ( epithalamus ) = biologic clock regulation ( sleep cycle )
The Limbic System influences __________ activity.
A) Medulla
B) Cerebellum
C) Midbrain
D) Hypothalamus
D) Hypothalamus
The Transverse gyrus is known as the ______________.
A) Primary visual area
B) Primary auditory area
C) Primary Somatic Sensory area
D) Primary Somatic Motor Area
B) Primary auditory area
Which of the following is responsible for the formation of new memories?
A) Serotonin
B) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
C) Nitric Oxide
D) Dopamine
C) Nitric Oxide
Skeletal muscle contraction function through which neuronal circuit?
A) Convergence Circuit
B) Diverging Circuit
C) Reverberating Circuit
D) Parallel After-Discharge Circuit
B) Diverging Circuit
Convergence = rate/depth of breathing
Reverberating = sleep and breathing
Parallel-after discharrge = complex mental processes
What makes up the middle cerebellar peduncles?
A) Medulla and Spinal Cord
B) Pons
C) Medulla
D) Midbrain and Spinal Cord
B) Pons
Inferior cerebellar peduncles = medulla and spinal cord
Superior cerebellar peduncles = midbrain and spinal cord
Which of the following is true about the Medial lemniscal system? Select all that apply.
A) Discriminating touch
B) Crude touch
C) Primary sensory neuron
D) Secondary sensory neuron
A) Discriminating touch, D) Secondary sensory neuron
Which of the following is true about descending tracts of the spinal cord? Select all that apply
A) afferent
B) efferent
C) decussate at spinal cord
D) decussate at medulla
B) efferent and D) decussate at medulla
Which of the following Somatic Motor pathway Structure classification innervates muscle groups?
A) Pyramidal
B) Spinothalamic
C) Extrapyramidal
D) Thalamocortical
C) Extrapyramidal
Pyramidal = innervate specific muscle groups
Spinothalamic ( pathway )= crude touch
Thalamocortical (tract ) = tertiary neuron in sensory pathway