Chapter 10 Vocabulary
Mimics reality by using random numbers to represent the outcomes of real events
What is a simulation?
The entire group of individuals that we'd like to learn about
What is the population?
The women at Texas A&M are numbered 1 to 21,271. A computer generates 225 unique random numbers.The women are contacted and are asked their favorite school tradition. The type of sampling...
What is simple random sampling?
A study design that manipulates factor levels to create treatments, randomly assigns subjects to these treatment levels, and then compares the responses of the subject groups across treatment in hopes to find a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is an experiment?
For his Statistics class experiment, researcher J. Gilbert decided to study how parents' income affects children's performance on standardize tests like the SAT. He proposed to collect information from a random sample of test takers and examine the relationship between parental income and SAT scores. The type of study represented ...
What is a retrospective observational study?
Another name for a outcome
Also known as the variable that helps to predict or explain why something is; y-axis; dependent variable.
What is the response variable?
A representative subset of a population, examined in hope of learning about the population
What is a sample?
HEB asks every 10th person that uses their pharmacy a few questions to better judge their level of service. The type of sampling...
What is systematic random sampling?
A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors have been employed.
What is an observational study?
Coffee stations in offices often just ask users to leave money in a tray to pay for their coffee, but many people cheat. On some days researchers at Newcastle University replaced the picture of flowers on the wall behind the coffee station with a picture of staring eyes. They found that the average contribution increased significantly above the well-established standard when people felt they were being watched, even though the eyes were not real. The study represented...
What is an experiment?
Another name for input
Also known as the variable that accounts for the change in the other variable, x-axis, independent variable
What is the explanatory variable?
A sample that consists of the entire population.
What is a census?
The College Board is looking for feedback about the amount of preparation school districts are providing for AP Exams. They classify each district as either small, medium, or large district and randomly choose 10 districts from each category to survey. The type of sampling...
What is stratified random sampling?
What is a retrospective study?
In a test of roughly 200 older men and women, those with moderately high blood pressure (averaging 164/89 mm Hg) did worse on tests of memory and reaction time than those with normal blood pressure. The type of study represented...
What is a prospective observational study?
Another name for computer generated random numbers
What is Pseudorandom?
This occurs when some portion of the population is not sampled at all or has a significantly smaller representation in the sample than it does in the population.
What is undercoverage?
The principal of a high school makes an announcement that all students that are interested in planting more trees at the school should swing by and tell the secretary when they would like to try and plant some trees. The type of sampling...
What is voluntary response sampling?
An observational study in which subjects are followed to observe current or future outcomes.
130 patients with eligible lacerations randomly assigned to have the wound closed either with Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive (essentially superglue) or with traditional sutures. When evaluated at the end of the study, the two treatments worked equally well with regard to scarring, and the adhesive was less painful and worked faster. Physicians who evaluated the scarring did not know which treatment the patients had been given. The response variable measured...
(Hint: Response variable=Outcome)
What is scarring, pain level, and speed of healing.
A variable other than x and y that simultaneously affects both variables, accounting for the association between the two.
What is a lurking variable?
Anything in a survey design that influences responses
What is response bias?
Texas is divided into 20 education regions (Austin is Region 13). A state senator randomly selects two regions and examines the graduation rates of all high schools in those two regions. The type of sampling...
What is cluster random sampling?
The best experiments are...
The best experiments have...
(list of 5)
(Hint: This is not asking you to list the parts of an experiment.)
What is randomized, comparative, double-blind, and has a control group (placebo or standard treatment)
130 patients with eligible lacerations randomly assigned to have the wound closed either with Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive (essentially superglue) or with traditional sutures. When evaluated at the end of the study, the two treatments worked equally well with regard to scarring, and the adhesive was less painful and worked faster. Physicians who evaluated the scarring did not know which treatment the patients had been given. The factor of treatment and the levels for each...
(Hint: Factor=What is being manipulated)
What is the type of treatment: Octylcyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive (essentially superglue) or with traditional sutures.