3.1 DNA (&RNA) Structure
Where in the cell is DNA located?
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
What is the main goal of DNA replication?
make copies of DNA
What does the word replicate mean?
To copy/duplicate
What does the word synthesis mean?
Make
What is the main goal of protein synthesis?
To make proteins
Write the complementary base pairs for the DNA strand:
ATC GCA TTA
TAG CGT AAT
Write the complementary base pairs for the DNA strand:
TAC CAT GTG
ATG GTA CAC
This enzyme is responsible for gluing the gaps during DNA replication
ligase
Where does DNA replication take place?
What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
What does the "r" in rRNA stand for?
ribosomal
What is DNA made out of?
nucleotides
Define DNA
a complex molecule that holds all our genetic info
This enzyme is responsible for laying a primer/foundation down before DNA replication starts
Primase
What does helicase do during DNA replication
unzip the DNA strand
What are proteins made out of?
Transcribe and translate the following:
GCT AGG GTA
mRNA: CGA UCC CAU
amino acids: arg - ser - his
_________ bonds are weak and bond the nitrogen bases.
Hydrogen
DNA has two types of bonds. Which bond holds the nucleotide together?
Covalent bonds
At the end of DNA replication, how many copies of DNA do you end up with?
2
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
To bind complementary base pairs
What is the function of tRNA?
transfer amino acids to mRNA and the ribosome
Transcribe and translate the following:
TAC CGC TTC
mRNA: AUG GCG AAG
amino acids: met - ala - lys
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: double helix
RNA: single strand
DNA: A, T, C, G
RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA: deoxyribose sugar
DNA: ribose sugar
What is the difference between a chromosome, DNA and a gene?
Chromosome: bunch of DNA shaped into an X
DNA: all your genetic info
Gene: piece of DNA that codes for one protein
Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?
Half the strand is old. The other half is new.
List the 4 enzymes in order based on their job during DNA replication (which enzyme goes first, second, third, last)
Helicase
Primase
Polymerase
Ligase
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
transcription: making a copy of mRNA from DNA
translation: reading the instructions from mRNA and making the proteins
Where do the instructions to make proteins come from?
DNA