BPH/Kidney stones
What is considered to be the 'Gold standard' procedure for obstructive BPH?
TURP
What are some causes of CKD?
Diabetes, HTN, glomerulonephritis, cystic disease, and/or urologic diseases
Strep infection within 1-2 weeks
What are some causes of AKI?
Pre-renal (HF, MI, CAD, trauma, dehydration)
Intrarenal (prolonged ischemia, kidney disease, acute tubular necrosis)
Post-renal (Obstruction in uteter)
(HD) How long do you have to wait to start your first dialysis treatment after getting your graft or fistula?
3 months - to allow for maturation
What is the cause of bladder spasms with a TURP?
Catheter may be clogged with a clot or kinked
What are some risk factors for developing CKD?
Age >60
Race - Blacks or native American - hispanic
Family hx
Cards disease - HTN
What are some clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis?
Periorbital edema (first then progress to total body)
Hematuria - proteinuria - fluid retention
What happens during the oliguric phase of AKI?
1-7 days long - urine output <400 mL/day - fluid volume overload - electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia and hyponatremia) - metabolic acidosis
How many needles to you need to use for HD?
2
What are they for?
What are some manifestations of kidney stones?
Flank pain - blood in urine - N/V - dysuria
(sudden and Severe)
Stage I-IV = control HTN, anemia, and correct ECF volume overload and or RRT
Stage V = RRT (dialysis or transplant)
what is the cause of chronic glomerulonephritis?
syndrome of permanent and progressive renal fibrosis
What happens during the diuretic phase?
last 1-3 weeks
increase in urine output (as high as 5L/day)
Hypovolemia - htn - hypokalemia
What the common complications of HD?
What do you do if they become dizzy while doing dialysis?
What are the types of stones and causes of those stones?
Calcium - excessive calcium intake
Uric acid - gout or too much protein in diet
Struvite - Response from UTI
Cystine - genetic
Bonus - what is the main treatment for stones?
What are some dx studies for CKD?
Renal US - CT - biopsy - BUN/creat - Electrolytes
What are some clinical manifestations of chronic glomerulonephritis?
RBC/WBC/Casts in urine - increased BUN and Creat
What happens during the recovery phase?
several months to one year
decreased edema
normalization of fluid/electrolyte balance
When is the most common time that PD happens?
At night when doing to bed
What are the two common medications given for BPH?
Finasteride - Dutasteride (decrease size of prostate)
Tamsulosin - Prazosin (relaxation of bladder - decrease symtpoms)
What are some drug therapy options?
Hyperkalemia - Kayexalate/IV glucose and insulin or IV calcium/gluconate
HTN medications
Phosphate binders
Erythropoietin - Iron supplements
Statins - dyslipidemia
What are some clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria - foamy urine - decreased albumin - peripheral edema - increased infection risk - hypercoagulability - HTN
(All of the medications to treat these symptoms are self-explanatory)
Renal US - Renal scan - CT - renal biopsy - electrolytes - UA - BUN
How long does it take PD to drain?
15 to 30 mins