The Frontier
Journeys taken to drive herds to market.
What were cattle drives?
This group opposed immigration.
What is nativism?
"survival of the fittest"
What is Social Darwinism?
Workers refuse to go to work until their employers meet certain demands.
What is a strike?
Amendment ratified in 1919 prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
What is the 18th Amendment?
Industrial leader criticized for unethical business practices, monopolistic behavior, and exploitation of workers.
What is a Robber Baron?
Muckraker who published "How the Other Half Lives" which inspired reforms to housing laws.
Who is Jacob Riis?
African Americans headed West during the late 1800s.
What were Exodusters?
Cheap, dirty, overcrowded apartments with little air flow (poor ventilation) and no running water.
What are tenements?
Belief that government should not interfere with business or industry.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
Organization of workers with the purpose to create better working conditions and pay for workers.
What are labor unions?
The first national labor union (1869) that included men, women, and African Americans. Supported equal pay for equal work, 8 hour work day, and an end to child labor.
What is the Knights of Labor?
Industrial leader viewed positively for their contributions to economic growth, job creation, and philanthropy.
What is a Captain of Industry?
Muckraker who published "The Jungle" which prompted the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
The first continuous railroad line across the United States.
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
Congressional act that made it illegal for Chinese citizens to come to the US.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
What are political machines?
Strike in response to wage cuts. Violent conflict between strikers and state militias. President Hayes sent federal troops showing employers could call on the government for help.
What is the Great Railway Strike of 1877?
Movement that arose to improve working conditions and pay of workers, expand the rights of citizens, end corruption in government, and reform American culture. Ended the Gilded Age.
What is the Progressive Movement?
Business tactic where a company owns all steps of production.
What is vertical integration?
Investigative journalist who shaped public opinion about monopolies and corporate power.
Who is Ida B. Tarbell?
This piece of legislation was passed in an attempt to assimilate Native Americans. Ended tribal ownership of land, forced Native American children into boarding schools and tried to teach farming.
What was the Dawes Severalty Act?
Eastern and Southern Europeans
What are "New" Immigrants?
This term refers to a situation where a single company dominates an entire market.
What is a monopoly?
Labor dispute with Carnegie Steel Company. Violent confrontation between workers and Pinkerton agents. Strike failed and marked the decline of the KOL.
What is the Homestead Strike?
National movement to push for government policies and programs to help farmers.
What is populism?
Business tactic where a company buys out their competition creating a monopoly.
What is horizontal integration?
Social reformer who founded the Hull House in Chicago.
Who is Jane Adams?
Around 300 Sioux, including women and children, were massacred by soldiers. This event ended the Ghost Dance movement and was the last conflict of the Indian Wars.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
Western Europeans, Irish and German
What are "Old" Immigrants?
System where employers paid to lease convicts from prisons. Parallels the system of slavery.
What is the convict lease system?
Originally a rally to support an 8 hour work day. A bomb was thrown at police and led to widespread violence. Anarchist leaders tried and convicted for murder.
What is the Haymarket Riot?
Developed into the political party, the "People's Party."
What is the Farmers Alliance?
A Southerner born as a slave. Believed African Americans should focus on education and financial success rather than directly challenging white political rule.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
Encouraged settlement of the West by offering ownership of land after farming it for 5 years.
What is the Homestead Act?
Author that coined the phrase "Gilded Age" meaning that the period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath.
Who was Mark Twain?
Fined and jailed people found guilty of forming a trust to create monopolies and restrain trade.
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
Strike due to wage cuts that resulted in a nationwide railroad strike that disrupted rail transportation. President Cleveland intervened with an injunction, setting a precedent for federal involvement in labor disputes.
What is the Pullman Strike?
Leader/founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) that unionized skilled workers, opposed immigration, and focused narrowly on wages and working hours and conditions.
Who is Samuel Gompers?
Name the 4 main industries that drove the US economy in the late 1800s and the men who ran them.
Cornelius Vanderbilt (Railroads), Andrew Carnegie (Steel), John D. Rockefeller (Oil), and JP Morgan (Banks).
Northern African American that advocated for pursuing civil rights. Helped found the NAACP. Focused on ending lynching and protesting racial violence.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Review Question: The two political parties during the Constitutional Convention.
Who are the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
Review Question: Name the three branches of government under the US Constitution and their roles/responsibilities.
Legislative Branch: Create the laws
Executive Branch: Enforce the laws
Judicial Branch: Interprets the laws
Review Question: The journey of slaves being shipped from the West coast of Africa to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
Review Question: A state's right to deem a federal law null and void.
What is nullification?
Review Question: Term for loyalty to one's own region.
Hint: Think Antebellum America
What is sectionalism?
Review Question: The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and acts of Congress unconstitutional.
Review Question: A President who destroyed the National Bank, established the spoils system and despised Native Americans.
Who is Andrew Jackson?