Context Clues
7.2B
7.2B
American Indian tribes had their own languages and dialects that few outside the tribes understood, and many of their languages were not even written down.
What does the word dialects mean in this selection?
Dialects refer to different forms of a language spoken by people in different regions.
Combine the sentences using the nonessential comma rule:
Sentence 1: The concert was amazing.
Sentence 2: It featured a violin soloist who played beautifully.
The concert, featuring a violin soloist who played beautifully, was amazing.
"American Indian tribes had their own languages and dialects that few outside the tribes understood, and many of their languages were not even written down."
What can the reader infer from this quotation?
Native American languages were ideal for military communication because they were unique and unknown to the enemy.
Japan is an island nation in East Asia, known for its mountainous terrain and thousands of smaller islands. For example, Mount Fuji is one of its most iconic features.
Describe
Which 2 sentences from the selection help the reader understand that the use of code talkers significantly impacted military success in World War II?
A. Student code talkers were instructed in basic military communications techniques.
B. The code talkers then developed their own words for military terms that never existed in their own native tongue.
C. The enemy was never able to break the code talkers’ communications.
B. The code talkers then developed their own words for military terms that never existed in their own native tongue.
C. The enemy was never able to break the code talkers’ communications.
The Germans never broke the American Indians’ “code,” and these soldiers became affectionately known as “code talkers.”
What does the word affectionately mean in this selection?
with fondness or warmth, showing love or great respect
Combine the sentences using the nonessential comma rule:
Sentence 1: The house has been renovated several times.
Sentence 2: The house was built in the 1800s.
The house, built in the 1800s, has been renovated several times.
"From D-Day landings at Normandy in June 1944, to the liberation of Paris and the Battle of the Bulge, they kept the lines of communications secure."
What can the reader infer from this quotation?
The code talkers played a crucial role in securing military communications during important battles.
Japan faced several issues such as resource shortages during the war. This issue was solved by occupying nearby territories in Southeast Asia to secure oil and other materials.
Problem & Solution
Which 2 sentences help the reader understand why American Indian languages were ideal for secure communications?
A. American Indian tribes had their own languages and dialects that few outside the tribes understood.
B. Many of their languages were not even written down.
C. Their languages were ideal for the task at hand.
A. American Indian tribes had their own languages and dialects that few outside the tribes understood.
C. Their languages were ideal for the task at hand.
For many years, the code talkers’ work remained classified.
What does the word classified mean in this selection?
information that is kept secret, especially by the government for security reasons.
Combine the sentences using the nonessential comma rule:
Sentence 1: My brother has won several awards.
Sentence 2: He is an artist.
My brother, who is an artist, has won several awards.
"For many years, the code talkers' work remained classified."
What can the reader infer from this quotation?
The work of the code talkers was kept secret because it was important to the success of the war.
Unlike the United States, Japan relied heavily on its navy during World War II. Both countries, however, invested significantly in air power.
Compare & Contrast
Which 2 sentences from the selection help the reader understand that the code talkers’ contributions were underappreciated for many years?
A. At least one code talker was taken prisoner during the war.
B. For many years, the code talkers’ work remained classified.
C. At a time when American Indians were discouraged from practicing their native culture, a few brave men used their cultural heritage to help change the course of history.
B. For many years, the code talkers’ work remained classified.
C. At a time when American Indians were discouraged from practicing their native culture, a few brave men used their cultural heritage to help change the course of history.
During World Wars I and II, the military needed a quick and reliable means of protecting its radio, telephone, and telegraphic messages from enemy intelligence.
What does the word intelligence mean in this selection?
information gathered by enemies, especially military
Combine the sentences using the nonessential comma rule:
Sentence 1: The book was fascinating.
Sentence 2: This book was about space exploration.
The book, which was about space exploration, was fascinating.
"We were forbidden to speak Navajo at school ."
The school saw Navajo as unimportant or wrong and tried to replace it with English.
Because Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II. As a result, Japan faced a powerful new adversary.
Cause & Effect
Which 2 sentences from the selection help the reader understand the diversity of tribes involved in the code talker program?
A. American Indian soldiers created secret codes using their native languages.
B. In France during World War I, the 142nd Infantry Regiment, 36th Division, had a company of Indians who spoke 26 languages and dialects.
C. Soldiers from other tribes, including the Kiowa, Winnebago, Chippewa, Creek, Seminole, Hopi, Lakota, Dakota, Menominee, Oneida, Pawnee, Sac, Fox, and Choctaw served during the war.
B. In France during World War I, the 142nd Infantry Regiment, 36th Division, had a company of Indians who spoke 26 languages and dialects.
C. Soldiers from other tribes, including the Kiowa, Winnebago, Chippewa, Creek, Seminole, Hopi, Lakota, Dakota, Menominee, Oneida, Pawnee, Sac, Fox, and Choctaw served during the war.
Congress recognized the remarkableness of the code talkers’ achievements, despite societal discrimination against them.
What does the word remarkableness mean in this selection?
being extraordinary and deserving attention due to the importance of the actions
Challenging Question:
Combine the sentences using the nonessential comma rule:
Sentence 1: The city was struck by a heavy storm.
Sentence 2: The storm caused widespread flooding.
The city, which was struck by a heavy storm, experienced widespread flooding.
"Even though we were far from home, I kept the memory of my family in my heart."
He was emotionally connected to his family despite being separated.
Due to the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951, Japan regained its power. This resulted in a shift in its focus from military expansion to economic growth.
Which 2 sentences from the selection help the reader understand that the code talkers had to adapt their languages to military communication?
A. The code talkers then developed their own words for military terms that never existed in their own native tongue.
B. Many of their languages were not even written down.
C. For instance, the word for ‘colonel’ was translated to ‘silver eagle,’ ‘fighter plane’ became ‘hummingbird,’ and ‘minesweeper’ became ‘beaver.’
A. The code talkers then developed their own words for military terms that never existed in their own native tongue.
C. For instance, the word for ‘colonel’ was translated to ‘silver eagle,’ ‘fighter plane’ became ‘hummingbird,’ and ‘minesweeper’ became ‘beaver.’