Sleep & Dreams
A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. It is also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches), but other body systems are active.
What stage of sleep is this?
REM Sleep.
What is the name of the Russian Psychologist who used dogs to test operant conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
In class, we discussed another name for Skinner's creation of an "operant chamber," where animals are experimented on while in a contained space.
What's the other name it goes by?
Skinner Box
________ memories are the facts and experiences we can consciously know and “declare.”
What type of memories?
Explicit
Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
What sleep disorder is this?
Narcolepsy
Before it's paired with the food, the tone of the bell acts as the _______ stimulus in the experiment we learned about in class.
Neutral
A mother assigns chores to her daughter after she stayed out too late last weekend. This is an example of ________ __________.
Positive Punishment.
"PEMDAS" is an example of which effortful processing strategy?
Mnemonic
During the N1 sleep stage, a person is most likely to experience?
A) sleep spindles.
B) hallucinations.
C) Night terrors or nightmares.
D) Rapid eye movements.
B) Hallucinations
The reappearance of a (weakened) Conditioned Response after a pause in its responding, is known as ___________ ________.
Spontaneous Recovery.
What's an example of a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule?
--> Reinforce a response after a set period of time (getting paid every 2 weeks).
__________ practice is best for long-term learning, memory, and retention.
Distributed.
True or False -- Sleep consolidates our learning into long-term memory.
True
In an experiment, goats were taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of ______________.
Discrimination
What are the four types of schedules of reinforcement that we learned?
Fixed-Interval (set time)
Fixed-Ratio (set # of responses)
Variable-Interval (random time)
Variable-Ratio (random responses)
Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time. A fill-in-the-blank question tests this.
What am I explaining? (Recall, recognition, or relearning) ?
Recall.