Boom Goes the Cannon
Which three empires are known as the “Gunpowder Empires”?
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal.
Who nailed the 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg in 1517?
Martin Luther
This French king built the Palace of Versailles and was called the “Sun King.”
Louis XIV
The Ottomans used this system to incorporate Christian boys into their military and bureaucracy
Devshirme system
This Mughal tomb is one of the most famous examples of Islamic architecture in India
The Taj Mahal.
Which empire was ruled by the Romanovs and expanded into Siberia?
Russia.
The Ottomans captured this city in 1453, using cannons to break down its walls.
Constantinople (later Istanbul)
Which new Christian denomination was founded by John Calvin?
Calvinism.
Absolutism is often tied to this idea that monarchs ruled with authority granted directly by God.
Divine Right of Kings
The Safavids made this branch of Islam their official religion.
Shia Islam
Louis XIV’s court culture at Versailles is an example of what?
Absolutist power
Which empire used the millet system to govern diverse religious communities?
Ottoman Empire
Shah Abbas I strengthened this empire’s military using gunpowder and loyal slave soldiers.
Safavid Empire
This English monarch broke with the Catholic Church and created the Anglican Church.
Henry VIII
Peter the Great tried to westernize this country
Russia
Akbar promoted this policy of religious tolerance in Mughal India
Sulh-i Kul (universal tolerance)
Peter the Great ordered Russian nobles to shave their beards and adopt this style of culture.
Western European.
Which German monk’s protests against indulgences helped spark the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther.
Akbar the Great is most closely associated with which Gunpowder Empire?
Mughal Empire.
The Catholic Church launched this movement in response to the Protestant Reformation.
The Counter-Reformation
Peter the Great moved Russia’s capital to this city, built to give him better access to trade and Europe.
St. Petersburg
This Ottoman building served as both a mosque and symbol of imperial legitimacy.
Hagia Sophia (converted into a mosque).
What does empiricism mean?
Knowledge comes from observation and experience, not just tradition or faith.
Henry VIII created this new church after breaking with the Catholic Church when the pope refused to grant him a divorce.
The Anglican Church (Church of England)
Which empire fell behind because it did not modernize its military?
Safavid Empire
The Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to this group in France.
Huguenots (French Calvinists)/Calvinists
Which war (1618–1648) devastated Europe and was resolved with the Peace of Westphalia, setting limits on absolutist monarchies?
The Thirty Years’ War.
The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals all used gunpowder, but their primary differences in legitimacy came from __________.
Religion (Ottomans = Sunni Islam, Safavids = Shia Islam, Mughals = blended/tolerant policies)
Which English thinker is most closely associated with promoting empiricism during the Scientific Revolution?
Francis Bacon
What treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648?
The Peace of Westphalia.
“By the use of artillery they laid waste to the enemy, and the earth shook with their fire.”
Which empire is most likely being described?
The Ottoman Empire
“Salvation comes by faith alone, not by works or indulgences.”
This belief reflects the teachings of which Reformation leader?
Martin Luther
“L’état, c’est moi.”
Which monarch is most closely associated with this phrase?
Louis XIV of France
“The Sultan is both the protector of Islam and ruler of the worldly state.”
This describes which dual role of Ottoman rulers?
Caliph and Sultan
“The construction of this tomb was not only a display of love but also a symbol of power, blending Islamic and local architectural styles to demonstrate the ruler’s legitimacy.”
Taj Mahal
“We must root out heresy and defend the faith.”
This statement best reflects the goals of which religious movement?
The Catholic Counter-Reformation.