Energy & ATP
How does ATP turn into ADP
Remove phosphate group
Where do the following stages take place:
glycolysis, prep step, krebs cycle, ETC
cytoplasm, matrix, matrix, inner membrane
How are broken carbons from glucose released as waste?
CO2 (breathed out)
Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process?
Anaerobic (no oxygen needed)
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Stage 1: Light dependent reactions (needs sunlight)
Stage 2: Calvin Cycle (does not need sunlight)
What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs?
Autotrophs: can make their own food (glucose)
Heterotrophs: need to eat food to gain glucose
How much ATP is made in each of these steps:
glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC
2 (net), 4 (total) glycolysis
2 Krebs
32-34 ETC
If oxygen is present, which step will follow glycolysis?
Prep step
What organisms perform lactic acid fermentation?
What organisms perform alcoholic fermentation?
Lactic acid: bacteria & muscle cells
alcoholic: yeasts
What wavelength of light does chlorophyll NOT absorb?
green (green is reflected, so green is what we see in leaves!)
Where is the high energy bond located in ATP?
Between the second & third phosphate groups
cellular respiration gains energy from breaking the bonds of which molecule?
glucose
What molecule does pyruvate turn into after the prep step?
Acetyl CoA
What are the starting reactants (2) that are the same in fermentation?
1. Pyruvate
2. NADH
thylakoid, grana, stroma
thylakoid: single disk
grana: stack of thylakoids
stroma: the fluid surrounding the grana
What are the two processes autotrophs undergo to make their own sugars?
photosynthesis (uses sunlight energy)
chemosynthesis (uses chemical energy)
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration, and what step is it used?
Role: Final electron acceptor
When: ETC
What is the function of NADH?
To transport electrons to the ETC
In fermentation, the whole point is to keep _______ running by recycling ______ back into _________.
Glycolysis, NADH, NAD+
What is the energy from sunlight used for in stage one of photosynthesis?
Splitting water.
What is the official name of ATP & ADP
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
ADP: Adenosine diphosphate
Write the complete chemical equation for cellular respiration.
6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Draw a diagram of the ETC, showing where the outer membrane is, intermembrane space, inner membrane, and matrix. (side view)
top to bottom: outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, matrix
Write the chemical equation for each type of fermentation.
Write the complete chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2