Power & Legitimacy
European monarchs used this concept to claim their authority came directly from God.
What is Divine Right?
These three empires (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal) are often grouped together because of their reliance on new military technology.
What are the Gunpowder Empires?
This Ottoman system took Christian boys from the Balkans to be trained as elite soldiers or bureaucrats.
What is the Devshirme system?
Martin Luther kicked off this movement in 1517, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
This state moved its capital from Kyoto to Edo.
What is Japan?
This architectural marvel was built by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum, serving as a symbol of Mughal power.
What is the Taj Mahal?
The Ottomans finally conquered this "invincible" city in 1453 using massive cannons.
What is Constantinople (or Istanbul)?
These elite Ottoman infantry units were the "boots on the ground" created through the Devshirme.
Who are the Janissaries?
This Mughal Emperor was famous for his religious tolerance and creation of the "Divine Faith."
Who is Akbar the Great?
This empire was known as the "Middle Kingdom" and returned to Confucianism after Mongol rule.
What is the Ming Dynasty?
Louis XIV built this massive palace to keep his nobles close and showcase his absolute power.
What is Versailles?
This Russian Tsar "windowed" the West by expanding to the Baltic Sea and building a new capital.
Who is Peter the Great?
In the Mughal Empire, these tax collectors were granted land in exchange for sending revenue to the government.
Who are the Zamindars?
This religious movement in India sought to bridge the gap between Hinduism and Islam through devotion.
What is the Bhakti Movement (or Sikhism)?
The Songhai Empire relied on the control of these two specific trade goods.
What are Gold and Salt?
To legitimize their rule, the Mexica (Aztecs) utilized this practice to appease gods and intimidate rivals.
What is human sacrifice?
This 16th-century conflict between the Ottomans and Safavids was fueled by the Sunni/Shi’a split.
What is the Battle of Chaldiran?
This "Hard" vs "Soft" policy was used by the Qing to identify Han Chinese rebels, specifically involving a hairstyle.
What is the Queue?
This Council was the Catholic Church's "rebuttal" to the Reformation, refining doctrine and banning indulgences.
What is the Council of Trent?
This document, signed by Henry IV of France, granted religious rights to Huguenots (Protestants).
What is the Edict of Nantes?
These professional "face-breakers" or warriors were used by the Tokugawa Shogunate to maintain order, though they later became bureaucrats.
Who are the Samurai?
This was the primary reason the Ming Dynasty fell to the Manchus, leading to the creation of the Qing Dynasty.
What is internal peasant revolts (famine/corruption) combined with Manchu invasion?
To ensure loyalty, the Tokugawa Shogunate required Daimyo to live in the capital every other year, a system called this.
What is Sankin-kotai (Alternate Attendance)?
This Japanese form of theater became popular among the urban merchant classes during the Tokugawa period.
What is Kabuki?
This term describes a ruler who has total control over all aspects of their kingdom.
What is an Absolute Monarch?