Statebuilding & Motivations
In the context of social studies, what is a state?
A country OR the most basic political unit
John Cabot explored for this country while searching for a northern sea route to Asia.
Britain/England
This term refers to the exchange of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after 1492.
Columbian Exchange
This Portuguese-developed ship was lightweight, fast, and capable of sailing on both rivers and the open ocean.
Caravel
This brutal part of the triangular trade transported enslaved Africans to the Americas.
the Middle Passage
This term refers to a state’s ability to control its own affairs without outside interference.
Sovereignty
This Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach India by sailing around Africa.
Vasco da Gama
This animal, introduced by Europeans, dramatically transformed life for Native American societies on the Great Plains.
Horse
This navigational tool helped sailors maintain consistent navigational direction while at sea.
Compass
By the time the slave trade was outlawed, approximately this many Africans had been transported to the Americas.
12.5 million
European exploration depended on this entity because voyages were too expensive for individuals to finance.
European governments (the state)
This treaty divided the non‑European world between Spain and Portugal and directly shaped the colonization of Brazil.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Name one crop from the Americas that greatly improved European diets and contributed to population growth.
Corn, potatoes, cacao, peanuts, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, pumpkins
Mercantilism is the belief that a nation’s power is based on this.
Wealth
These served as incentives for African kingdoms to participate in the Atlantic Slave Trade.
Weapons, advantage over rivals
This country led early exploration due to maritime innovations.
Portugal
The difference between exploration and colonization is that exploration seeks to “learn,” while colonization seeks to do this.
Establish control
"Rubber used in early waterproofing" and "Quinine provided new medications" would be an effect on which "world" in the Columbian Exchange?
Colonies existed primarily to serve these two purposes for the mother country.
Source of raw materials, Market for manufactured goods
Name two long‑term effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African societies.
Population loss, demographic disruption, increased warfare due to influx of European weapons, or economic instability
Spain and Portugal both experienced decline in global influence due to two major causes—name either one.
Losses in wars and economic issues
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Native Americans
Enslaved Persons
Name one environmental consequence in the Americas caused by Old World crops and animals introduced by the Columbian Exchange.
Deforestation, soil erosion, soil depletion
A sextant measures the distance between the Sun/stars and the _____ to determine a ship's ______ and ______.
Horizon, latitude, longitude
Describe the connection between mercantilism and the Atlantic Slave Trade.
Mercantilist's need for large amounts of raw materials led to a dependence on enslaving Africans to meet that need