Reconstruction
This amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States, taking effect in 1865
13th amendment
What portion of the 13th amendment was used as a loophole to continue oppressing African Americans, particularly in the Southern states in the years immediately following slavery's end?
"except as punishment for a crime"
This amendment granted birthright citizenship to anyone born in the United States and also granted all citizens equal protection under the law.
14th amendment
Scholar and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois helped create this civil rights organization, the nation's oldest, in 1909
NAACP
Emerging out of the aftermath of slavery, this musical genre began in the South and traveled to the North via the Great Migration.
Blues
Also the name of filmmaker Spike Lee's production company, the practice of the Freedmen's Bureau granting plots of confiscated Confederate land and (oftentimes) unused mules to freedpeople came to be known as:
"40 Acres and a Mule"
These laws, passed in many Southern states in 1865-66, undermined many of the newly gained legal rights of African Americans and controlled their movement and labor.
Black codes
This agency established nearly 3,000 schools, serving over 150,000 students in the South.
The Freedmen's Bureau
Emerging out of the Harlem Renaissance in the mid-1920s, this movement reimagined Black identity, advocated for political rights and social freedoms, and created new artistic innovations.
The New Negro
This city became the first major hub for jazz music, especially in the 1920s and 1930s.
New York City
The 15th amendment granted voting rights to this group of people.
Black men
A race riot in this city in 1921 destroyed more than 1,250 Black homes and businesses in one of the most prosperous Black communities in the country at the time, a place that was known as "Black Wall Street."
Tulsa, Oklahoma
The Second Morill Act of 1890 required that states either demonstrate that race was not a factor in admission to educational institutions or create separate institutions for Black students. As a result, 18 more of these institutions were established throughout the South.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Founded by Marcus Garvey, this organization aimed to unite all Black people and gained membership from Black people throughout the Caribbean, Latin American, and Africa, in addition to the United States.
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
The first all-Black ensemble cast Hollywood movie, starring Ethel Waters and Lena Horne.
Cabin in the Sky
This president promptly undid all land redistribution efforts in the summer of 1865, effectively locking most Southern African Americans from land ownership and the ability to accrue generational wealth.
Andrew Johnson
Upon reports of an alleged sexual assault of a White woman by a Black man, a race riot broke out in this midwestern city, torching several dozen Black homes and businesses and lynching two Black men.
Springfield, IL
This student choir group introduced the religious and musical tradition of African American spirituals to the global stage during national and international tours to raise money for their university.
Afro-Caribbean migrants began moving to the United States in significant numbers in the first few decades of the 1900s in search of better economic, political and educational opportunities, settling most frequently in what two states?
New York and Florida
This poet, like many others from the Harlem Renaissance, explored the relationship between Africa and African American identity and heritage through personal reflection.
Countee Cullen or Gwendolyn Bennett
Reconstruction saw the election of many Black men to elected office, such as:
Blanch K. Bruce
Hiram Revels
Joseph Rainey
Robert Smalls
Henry McNeal Turner
John Lynch
James Rapier
Southern states routinely taught almost nothing about actual Black history, forcing this man to create "Negro History Week," which would eventually turn into Black History Month.
Carter G. Woodson
Founded by Booker T. Washington in 1881, the Tuskegee Institute followed this educational approach:
Vocational-industrial model
In an effort to document Black cultural accomplishments, this Afro-Puerto Rican man collected thousands of artifacts that today are publicly available through a partnership with the New York Public Library.
Arturo Schomburg
This African American writer and intellectual collected and edited an anthology (collection) of the best works by Black Harlem Renaissance writers in 1925 titled The New Negro: An Interpretation
Alain Locke