Ottoman Rise and Rule
What combination of military conquest and governing strategies helped the Ottoman Empire become powerful?
Military expansion plus administration of diverse peoples
What was the Ottoman millet system?
A system allowing recognized religious communities limited self-government under Ottoman rule.
Which dynasty replaced the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in 1368?
The Ming Dynasty
Who commanded major Ming maritime expeditions in the early 1400s?
Zheng He.
hich statement is a central idea rather than a minor detail: “The Ming used several tools to maintain control” or “The Great Wall had soldiers”?
The Ming used several tools to maintain control.
What 1453 event gave the Ottomans control of a strategically important city?
Answer: Mehmed II conquered Constantinople.
Which better supports millet stability: few large minority revolts or powerful Ottoman cannons? Why?
Few large minority revolts; this evidence is directly about minority acceptance/stability.
What did the Mandate of Heaven help Chinese rulers claim?
Legitimate Rule, as the right to rule was given by the gods
What is the strongest evidence that Zheng He’s voyages projected Ming power: fleet size and diplomatic tribute, or the weather at sea?
Fleet size and diplomatic/tribute relationships; they directly demonstrate imperial reach.
Which evidence best supports the claim that Ming rulers controlled their territory: a legal code and border defenses, or a list of foreign foods?
Legal code and border defenses; both address governing and security.
How did Suleiman use both laws and the military to maintain power?
He strengthened administration/laws and used military campaigns to defend or expand authority.
What does autonomy mean when describing religious communities under Ottoman rule?
Limited ability to manage some of their own community affairs.
How did Great Wall defenses and the Ming Code serve different purposes?
Wall defenses addressed external threats; the legal code regulated order within the empire.
What is an intermediary in a trade network?
A middle person or group connecting buyers and sellers.
Which transition best signals contrast: “for example,” “however,” or “therefore”?
However.
Why might an empire eventually weaken even after reaching its greatest extent?
Internal political/economic pressures and external military challenges can undermine power.
How could religious autonomy help Ottoman rulers maintain authority?
It could reduce resistance while keeping communities under imperial rule.
What did Neo-Confucian scholars do with older Confucian teachings?
Reinterpreted and developed classical teachings, incorporating influences from Buddhist and Daoist thought.
How did Ming and Ottoman approaches to foreign trade differ in the lessons?
Ottomans benefited from controlling major overland trade routes; Ming officials more tightly regulated foreign maritime contact, with policies changing over time
A passage first explains an empire’s rise, then its decline. What text structure is being used?
Chronological sequence with a contrast/change over time.
Which is the stronger overall claim: “The Ottomans used only force” or “They combined force and governance”? Explain.
Combined force and governance; it accounts for conquest and management of diverse populations.
A source praises Ottoman soldiers and criticizes European soldiers. What should a historian consider before accepting its judgment?
The author’s perspective, purpose, audience and possible bias.
In the phrase “family is the primary locus of moral development,” what does locus mean?
The main place or center.
What happened after Portuguese traders made regular direct contact with Ming China in the 1500s?
After initial resistance, Chinese authorities permitted Portuguese activity at Macao under restrictions.
A writer claims Jesuit missionaries only exchanged European ideas with China. What detail makes that claim incomplete?
Matteo Ricci learned Chinese and adapted to Chinese intellectual traditions; exchange moved in more than one direction.