Vocabulary
The limit to the number of individuals that can be supported by an existing habitat or ecosystem.
What is the definition of carrying capacity?
Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income v. countries that have relatively high levels of industrialization and income.
What is the difference between developing and developed countries?
Model that attempts to describe and explain how a developing country moves from high growth and low wealth to become a more-developed country with lower growth and higher wealth.
What is the demographic transition model?
An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.
What is total fertility rate?
Biotic Potential
Hypothetically, under ideal conditions with unlimited resources available, every population has a maximum potential for growth. What is this called?
Mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment in time.
What is a population growth model?
The movement of people into a country other region, from another country or region.
What is immigration?
What is the calculation based on the growth rate of a population to determine when a population will double in size?
When a countermoves from high to lower birth rates as development occurs and that country moves from a preindustrial to industrialized economic system.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
Overshoot.
What do we call the phenomenon of a population becoming larger than the environment's carrying capacity?
Density independent factors vs. independent factors
A factor that influences an individual's probability of survival and reproduction in a manner than depends on the size of the population v. A factor that has the same effect on an individual's probability of survival and reproduction at any population size?
The movement of people out of a country or region.
What is emigration?
70 / growth rate (expressed in %)
What is the equation for doubling time (years)?
The number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year.
What is crude death rate?
Type II Survivorship curve.
The shape of the logistic growth model when graphed.
What represents a S-shaped curve?
The total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size.
What is replacement level fertility?
Government policies can influence fertility rates that affect population change. Population change can be affected by both density-dependent factors such as the food supply and density-independent factors such as extreme weather events and fires.
What factors lead to population growth and decline?
The ability to produce an abundance of offspring.
What does fecundity mean?
J-shaped curve.
What shape is the exponential growth model?
Effects that carrying capacity has on ecosystems.
The following are effects of... on....?
- Population can overshoot its carrying capacity and experience a dieback. This cycle of overshoot and dieback can happen multiple times.
-The amount of resource per organism can be reduced by increases in the number of organisms or by reductions in the overall quantity of the actual resource.
The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.
What is net migration rate?
Countries that have industrialized typically increase their consumption of resources, with adverse impacts on the environment. The IPAT equation is a conceptual representation of the three major factors that influence environmental impact: population, affluence, and technology.
How do population and consumption interact to influence the environment?