Direct/Indirect Characterization
This type of characterization occurs when the writer tells what the character is like.
direct characterization
Writers who use ____________ say something over and over to make an impact.
repetition
What type of appeal is used?
Lead in paint can cause significant health and learning problems in children.
Appeal to reason
An author’s _____________ is his or her attitude, beliefs, and feelings.
perspective
A(n) _____ is a logical fallacy that claims unreasonably that one event will lead to other events. It argues that the first event must be prevented to prevent the later events from occurring.
slippery slope
This type of characterization occurs when the writer shows what the character is like through his or her words, actions, or feelings.
indirect characterization
Appeals to ________ use logic to make a point. They may include facts or statistics.
reason
What type of appeal is used?
It’s unfair to shorten the school day without hearing students’ opinions.
appeal to emotion
Is the following statement a fact or opinion?
By examining information about honeybees in 17 countries, the researchers can map the routes by which the virus has spread. These routes match the international movement of honeybee colonies, says Dr. Lena Wilfert, one of the study’s authors.
fact
A(n) _______ is a logical fallacy that makes a conclusion that is too broad. It uses words such as always, never, or everyday.
overgeneralization
To understand indirect characterization, the reader must make ___________ — or draw conclusions—about the meaning of the dialogue, actions, or feelings, as well as the attitude of the writer toward the character.
inferences
Appeals to ________ try to create an emotional response in the reader that supports the writer’s viewpoint.
emotion
What type of appeal is used?
The secretary of state agrees that economic restrictions might work.
appeal to authority
A(n) ____________ states the author’s position in an argument.
claim
Is the following statement a fact or opinion?
Most high-school students shouldn’t waste their time with higher-level math courses such as trigonometry and calculus.
opinion
What type of characterization is used?
“I’m sorry to bother you, but I think you have graded number three incorrectly,” Tina said softly, her hands shaking slightly.
indirect characterization
Appeals to ________ state the opinions of experts who agree with the author’s views.
authority
The city council made the bizarre decision to build a statue.
What is the connotation of the word bizarre?
negative
_______ can be proved true and are often based on research.
facts
What type of logical fallacy is used?
The proposal to allow the development of a portion of this land may seem reasonable now, but when will it stop? Developers will not be satisfied until the entire forest has been made into housing developments and shopping malls.
slippery slope
Mrs. Ludlam looked up from her grading sheet at Tina suspiciously. She was a strict teacher who was not used to children speaking their minds.
direct characterization
Writers can also use specific word choice to persuade readers. Choosing words with specific _________—negative or positive associations—can lead readers to feel a certain way about a topic.
connotations
We must avoid making a hasty decision to build a new highway.
What is the connotation of the word hasty?
negative
________ express a person’s beliefs. _______ may be supported by facts, but they cannot be proved.
opinions
What type of logical fallacy is used?
Studies show that just a few minutes with a therapy dog lowers the levels of stress hormones in patients. In fact, therapy dogs can help just about anyone.
overgeneralization