Theory of Evolution
What role best describes Charles Darwin's responsibilities on his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle?
a. evolutionist
b. naturalist
c. geneticist
d. archeologist
b. naturalist
Give an example of a homologous structure
forelimbs in mammals, pharyngeal pouches
What term refers to all of the alleles in all of the individuals in a population?
a. genetic drift
b. gene flow
c. phenotype
d. gene pool
d. gene pool
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called
a. temporal isolation.
b. behavioural isolation.
c. geographic isolation.
c. geographic isolation.
What type of organism is thought to have been the first form of life on Earth?
a. photoautotroph
b. chemoautotroph
c. omnivore
d. herbivore
b. chemoautotroph
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are examples of what?
vestigial structures
Give an example of an analogous structure
wings in birds/bats/insects
A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance is called
a. gene flow.
b. natural selection.
c. genetic drift.
c. genetic drift.
Why were elephants with tusks targeted during the civil war in Mozambique?
They were killed for their ivory which was sold for weapons and ammunition.
Which of the following processes describes how the first eukaryotic cells developed structures such as the nucleus and Golgi apparatus?
a. endosymbiosis
b. symbiosis
c. infolding of the cell membrane
d. photosynthesis
c. infolding of the cell membrane
____________________is the process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to their environment leave more offspring on average than do individuals with adaptations less suited to the environment.
Natural selection
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is called ______.
Artificial selection
A __________________effect occurs when an established population is left with very few individuals after a disaster, and therefore has a much smaller gene pool.
bottleneck
In natural selection, it is the ____________________ that selects the fittest individuals of a species.
environment
____________________ include humans and all their ancestral species that arose after the split from ancestral chimpanzees.
Hominids
TRUE OR FALSE
Lamarck was correct in his hypothesis that organisms develop certain characteristics during their lives, which they pass on to their offspring, in a gradual tendency towards perfection.
False
What might happen if a well-adapted population experienced sudden major changes in its environment?
If the population had a variety of traits, some of its members might be able to survive and reproduce in the new environment. If not, the population might become extinct.
What are the two main sources of genetic variation within a population?
Mutations and sexual reproduction are the sources of variation within a population.
_____ are offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of two distinct species. These offspring are normally not capable of reproducing.
Hybrids
Name two pandemics that have affected humans.
Bubonic plague
H1N1 influenza
COVID-19
Spanish Flu
What were the three patterns of diversity that Darwin noted during his travels aboard the HMS Beagle?
Species varied globally, species varied locally, and species varied over time.
The patterns of distribution show that species with common features can be found in similar environments where they would experience similar selective pressures.
Why might a geographic barrier such as a large river cause the formation of a new species of small rodents but not a new species of birds?
A large river would likely keep populations of small rodents apart, but it would not necessarily isolate birds and other populations that could fly.
Normally, a disease as serious as sickle-cell disease would result in a very low frequency of the allele in a population, as sufferers would not be healthy enough, or live long enough, to reproduce. Explain why the sickle-cell allele occurs in such high frequencies in some parts of the world.
Being a carrier of the recessive sickle-cell allele gives a person greater resistance to malaria infection. A person who is a carrier (heterozygous) will not suffer from sickle-cell disease.
Before infectious diseases were well understood, and before there were antibiotics, what allowed some people to resist infection during a pandemic?
Some people had genetic protection due to alleles that gave them resistance to particular infectious diseases.