Lesson 11
slave soldiers in the Ottoman Empire, usually Christian, were called
janissaries
the bureaucracy of government officials
what is humanism?
a Renaissance philosophy emphasizing the worth of the individual and balancing religious faith with secular learning
what group of people were affected by the Great Dying?
indigenous populations in the Americas
what was the effect of gunpowder?
- were able to defeat Mongols and take back China
- could create better weapons
- monarchies could enforce their rule
- changed social interactions
what are the three ingredients for gunpowder?
charcoal, sulfur, and saltpeter
scholars referred to the Tokugawa system as
centralized feudalism
who are the three greatest Italian artists?
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael
who circumnavigated the globe?
Ferdinand Megellan
how did the policies of the Tokugawa change life in feudal Japan?
- Isolated Japan
- Created internal peace
- Grew the economy
- Restrictions on foreign trade
- Restricted citizens personally (especially with weapons)
when did the Ming decide to end sea travel?
1430
who created the Ninety-Five Theses?
Martin Luther, a Catholic scholar in Germany
who claimed the Indian Ocean for Portugal?
Vasco da Gama
was Ivan IV's rule bad or good towards Russia?
- he was known as a cruel tyrant
- he strengthened the military
-gave more training to soldiers
- obsessed with threats to his power
- created Oprinchina
what was the high point of the Ottoman Empire?
what influence did Prince Shotoku embrace under his leadership?
who were the people who began to challenge the church with art?
the Flemish of Belgium also known as Flanders
name the agreement that split all not-yet-explored lands between Spain and Portugal and what year it was signed?
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
before the Renaissance, art mainly consisted of what themes?
- 2-D perspectives
- religious icons
how did the sultan's heirs fight for power?
imprisoned their brothers/family to protect their position
what was Ivan III's aim of tripping Moscow's territory size?
what were the effects of the Great Schism?
caused a massive split in religions and led to a rise of the new Christian movement
who gave who what in the triangular trade?
Transported slaves from Africa to the Americas, sugar from the Americas to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa
explain the Columbian exchange and what effect it had?
- transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
- increased European economies
- Europeans got a wider range of food
- Europeans gained slaves
- people were enslaved
- people died/were killed
- land was taken from natives