Lesson 11
How was gunpowder an accidental discovery?
Daoist alchemists tried to find the key to everlasting life, they thought there must be a cure to death.
To ensure stability, what did the Tokugawa rulers do?
Formed a strong government
What was the main difference between Renaissance art and medieval art?
Renaissance art used 3D and more lifelike features / Medieval art was 2D and was stiff with little expression.
What five states(countries) had ports on the Atlantic Ocean?
Spain, Portugal, England, the Netherlands, and France.
Importance of Gunpowder Revolution?
Development of gunpowder weapons allowed resistance against artillery attacks; Innovations in weaponry enabled European monarchies to enforce their rule militarily and to secure their borders and sometimes expand them.
Where did the Ottomans get their name from and who were they?
Osman, a powerful warrior chief who united various tribes and started a conquest
How did the policy of isolation help the Tokugawa rulers?
It helped to preserve Japanese traditions and maintain control
Who started the Reformation, and why?
Martin Luther wrote a letter containing a list of arguments against church corruption with a goal to change the teachings and beliefs of churches. (starting of the Reformation)
What were the reasons for exploration?
It was for profit, desire for Asian goods, and to spread Christianity.
Ideas from Scientific Revolution
Geocentric Theory, Heliocentric Theory, Laws of Gravity and Motion, Scientific Method
For how many centuries did the royal family of Osman keep the throne?
6
What city did Zhu and his army capture?
The city of Beijing, the Mongol capital of China
Which Italian scientist was excommunicated from church and why?
Galileo Galilei observed the sky supporting the heliocentric theory going against the church teachings and ending in his excommunication.
What did Prince Henry the Navigator do?
He trained sailors, set up the traveling route around Africa, and was responsible for many Portuguese voyages.
Capitalism and Mercantilism Beliefs
Mercantilism: aimed to make country richer and more powerful at expense of other countries, government allied with business
Capitalism: all resources are privately owned and markets determine how resources are distributed, profit of motive hopes for profit
How did Akbar ensure his rule over India's diverse population?
He ruled as an Indian, not as a foreign conqueror, and promoted art and tolerance with religion
Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led a large fleet on seven voyages to 3 countries. Name 3 countries.
India, Arabia, and Africa
In the 1300s which 4 city-states controlled italy?
Rome, Venice, Florence and Milan.
How many voyages did Zheng He lead?
7
Describe Aspects of Northern Renaissance Humanist Literature
The Praise of Folly: criticized corruption and abuses in Catholic Church
Utopia: describes an ideal society governed by reason rather than by power of kings or popes, where all property is shared and people enjoy equal rights
How did Junaid consolidate his power?
Marrying into the family of the leader of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty.
In what year did Ivan and oprichniki sack the city of Novgorod?
1570
Before the 1500s what were the two main sources of knowledge about the natural world?
The bible and religious teachings, the work of classical philosophers such as aristotle.
What was the name of the “line of demarcation” that drew an imaginary line from the North Pole, through the mid-Atlantic Ocean, to the South Pole?
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
List achievements of Modern Czar
Gaining access to ports, built a new modern capital, promoted school and encouraged arts and sciences, promoted enlightenment principles, built factories and roads and established a professional army and civil service on the European model