The Czar who helped to westernize Russia by shortening coats, shaving beards, and letting women chose their husbands.
Peter the Great
100
The start of the war; meaning to throw out of a window
Defenestration of Prague
100
Cardinal Richelieu said this was the biggest barrier to building a strong absolutist monarchy
Nobles
100
Charles II is to ____ as Oliver Cromwell is to _____.
Constitutional monarchy; military dictatorship
100
After gaining their independence from Spain, the Netherlands had what kind of government
A republic
200
The first king of the Stuart dynasty. After having an absolutist rule in Scotland, he tried to do the same in England but had many conflicts with parliament.
King James VI and I
200
This ended the Thirty Years' War, upheld the Peace of Augsburg, but added Calvinism, nullified the Edict of Restitution
The treaty of Westphalia
200
The definition of absolutism is:
ultimate authority belongs solely to a king who rules by divine right
200
The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy.
Rump-parliment
200
Austria began to rise to prominence as the Holy Roman Empire fell and they started to gain territory from:
the Ottoman Empire
300
The emperor of the Holy Roman Empire who had tried to restore Catholicism and rid of Lutheran Princes, and as a result started the 30 years war.
Emperor Ferdinand II
300
He was born a Czech Protestant, however, when the Thirty Years' War came around he offered his services to the Holy Roman Emperor, angling for land and titles. He was a great leader of the Catholics but ended up murdered by his own mercenaries after attempting retaliation for his dismissal.
Albrecht von Wallenstein
300
Revolt of the nobles as they allied to try to reduce the king's power.
Fronde
300
The King that was beheaded for treason in which Cromwell took over from the civil war
Charles I
300
After the War of Spanish Succession and the last Hapsburg king of Spain (Charles II), the large territories in Italy became controlled by
Austria (to the Austrian Hapsburgs)
400
Absolutist king of France who set the precedent for an absolutist rule.
King Louis XIV
400
After the 30 thirty war, which nations take the lead in the European (Atlantic) trade, culture, and politics?
England, France, and the Dutch
400
This replaced the edict of Nantes and provided for the destruction of Huguenot churches and schools. Loius XIV passed this under his belief of "One king, one law, one faith"
The Edict of Fontainebleau
400
A group consisting of puritans, country land owners, and town based manufacturers, led by Oliver Cromwell; fought against the Cavaliers during the English civil war
Roundheads
400
After the fall of the Jagiello Dynasty in Poland, the country became
a confederation of semi-independent estates of landed nobles.
500
The Swedish king who helped Sweden arise to prevalent military power during the 30 years war.
Gustavus Adolphus
500
The four phases of the war
The Bohemian phase, the Danish phase, the Swedish phase, and the Franco-Swedish phase
500
Chateau where the nobility met with Loius XIV to discuss affairs as they did "favors" for him in exchange for an audience. The chateau served as the residence for the king as well as a reception hall for state affairs.
The court of Versailles
500
A general term for a class of prosperous families, sometimes including but often ranked below the rural aristocrats. They usually became prosperous through commercial ventures. Often puritans.
Gentry
500
Amsterdam became an increasingly large and prosperous city in the seventeenth century because:
its banks and stock exchanges were the best in the world, the Dutch had an enormous amount of shipping fleets there, and the city manufactured many finished products for world markets