Schedules of Reinforcement
Reinforcement every time the behaviour occurs
What is a continuous schedule?
Therapy replacing fear with relaxation through gradual exposure
What is systematic desensitisation?
Learning through observing others
What is observational learning?
Consciously trying to avoid thinking about a memory
What is suppression?
Typically associated with traumatic or distressing memories
What is motivated forgetting?
Reinforcement given occasionally
What is an intermittent schedule?
Tokens exchanged later for rewards
What are token economies?
The theory that behaviour is learned through observation and imitation
What is social learning theory?
Shows memory loss is most rapid soon after learning
What is the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?
Memory loss caused by repeated brain trauma
What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?
Reinforcement after a set number of responses
What is a fixed ratio schedule?
A tangible reward (e.g., food or chocolate)
What is a primary reinforcer?
The stage requiring focus on the modelled behaviour
What is attention?
Old information interferes with learning new information
What is proactive interference?
A disorder caused by vitamin B1 deficiency linked to alcohol abuse
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Reinforcement at unpredictable time intervals
What is a variable interval schedule?
Tokens or symbols exchanged for a reward
What is a secondary reinforcer?
Storing the observed behaviour in memory
What is retention?
The inability to access stored information due to missing retrieval cues
What is retrieval failure?
The longer the time between learning and recall, the more this occurs
What is decay?
Reinforcement after a changing number of responses
What is a variable ratio schedule?
Learning by replacing one response with another via conditioning
What is counter conditioning?
Learning by observing others being rewarded
What is vicarious reinforcement?
The four processes required for observational learning to occur
What are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation?
Three major explanations for forgetting in memory theory
What are decay, interference, and retrieval failure?