intro to culture
What term describes the shared beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies of a society
culture
What term describes a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values?
cultural landscape
What are the regional patterns of language, religion, and ethnicity that contribute to a sense of place and shape the global cultural landscape
cultural patterns
What is the term for the spread of cultural traits through the migration of people?
relocation diffusion
What term describes the dominance of one country over another through diplomacy or force
imperialism
What term describes the trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people and organizations across the world?
globalization
What is the largest language family in the world, with about 3.2 billion speakers?
Indo-European language family
What term describes the process when people within one culture adopt some traits from another culture?
acculturation
What type of culture is characterized by small, homogenous groups of people often living in rural areas?
Local/Traditional Culture
What concept explains that societies or cultural groups leave their cultural imprints when they live in a place?
sequent occupancy
What term describes the unique attributes of a specific location influenced by cultural factors and the feelings evoked by people in that place?
sense of place
What type of diffusion occurs when a cultural trait spreads rapidly and widely through close contact between people?
contagious diffusion
What is the term for establishing settlements in a less powerful country for economic or political gain?
colonialism
What concept describes the shrinking of the world due to improvements in communication and transportation technologies?
time-space compression or convergence
What is the term for a collection of languages that share a common origin from thousands of years ago?
language branch
What is the term for a subtype of acculturation where one culture abandons its original culture and adopts another?
assimilation
Name the visible, physical objects created by a culture, such as houses and clothing.
artifacts
What are clusters of people of the same ethnicity living together in a specific location, often as a response to racism and discrimination
ethnic neighborhoods or enclaves
What do we call areas of the world that share cultural traits such as language families and religious traditions?
What is a cultural realm
What do we call the geographic origin of a culture or cultural trait from which it first diffuses?
cultural hearth
What is a simplified language used by speakers of different native languages for communication called?
pidgin language
What is the process called when two or more cultures come into contact and adopt each other’s traits to become more alike?
cultural convergence
What are some historic causes of cultural diffusion are that led to the spread of languages?
colonialism, military conquest, trade, migration
BONUS, Triple Points!
What term refers to the phenomenon where a cultural trait, such as language or religion, is adopted by a society but modified to fit the local culture, often leading to a distinct variant?
Cultural Appropration
What is the term for judging other cultures based on one's own standards, often considering one's own culture as superior
ethnocentrism
In traditional cultures, what is often the primary role of a woman
What is to have children
What term describes characteristics that unify a country and provide stability, such as a common language or religion?
centripetal forces
How do cultural traits spread in hierarchical diffusion?
spread from the most interconnected, powerful people/organizations down to others
What is the term for a common language used by speakers of different languages, typically for trade or business?
lingua franca
What are some causes of the extinction of languages and cultures mentioned in the presentation
genocide, pressure of globalization, and laws against the use of indigenous languages
Which universalizing religion has its hearth in Mecca and Medina and was spread through both contagious and hierarchical diffusion?
islam
What is the term for the acceptance and tolerance of many different cultures existing in close proximity?
multiculturalism
What cultural practice involves behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture
Taboo
What farming practice involves cutting flat areas out of mountainous terrain to make it arable, commonly seen in Asia and Latin America?
terrace farming
What do we call characteristics that divide a country and create instability, often leading to conflict and violence?
centrifugal forces
What is the term for when cultural traits are altered due to cultural barriers, taboos, or differences?
stimulus diffusion
What are variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling that develop due to geographic distance or isolation called?
dialects
What is the term for when cultures become less alike due to cultural and physical barriers
What is the primary method of diffusion for Hinduism, and what is its geographical hearth?
relocation diffusion, with its hearth in India
What process occurs when two cultures blend together to form a new cultural trait, often seen in religious practices?
syncretism