Thoracic Wall
What are the three parts of the sternum?
Manubrium
Body of Sternum
Xiphoid process
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right - 3 lobes
Left - 2 lobes
What determines whether the heart is considered left or right dominant?
Whether the posterior interventricular artery branches off of the RCA or LCA
The mediastinum is compartmentalized into what three sections?
2. Middle mediastinum
3. Posterior mediastinum
What are the three parts of the sternum?
Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process
What are the names of the fissures of the left and right lungs?
Right: Horizontal fissure & Oblique fissure
Left: Oblique fissure
________ is where the heart and the pericardium are housed.
Middle mediastinum
What is the ligamentum ateriosum (ductus arteriosus)?
Patent vessel during development that allows blood to bypass the lungs by shunting blood from the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta.
What joint is an important anatomical landmark known as the "sternal angle"
Manubriosternal joint
What two structures are unique to the left lung?
Lingula - at the inferior portion of the upper lobe, that is said to be the remanent of the third lobe
Cardiac notch - where the heart is situated in relation to the lung
What is the order of a signal being sent through the conducting system of the heart? (5 steps)
1. SA node
2. AV node
3. AV bundle
4. Left & Right bundle branches
5. Purkinje fibers
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic artery
L. common carotid artery
L. subclavian artery
(the ABCS)
What are the three types of muscles that make up the intercostal spaces and elevate/depress ribs during breathing?
1. External intercostal m. (run anterior-inferiorly) "hands in pockets"
2. Internal intercostal m. (run posterior-inferiorly)
3. Innermost intercostal m. (run more vertically, but like the internal intercostal m.)
The trachea bifurcates at what spinal level?
T4
True or False: The right ventricle has a thicker wall in comparison to the left
False, the left is thicker due to shunting of blood out to systemic circulation versus pulmonary circulation
True or False: The left recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs on the aortic arch
True; then it ascends into the tracheoesophageal groove
What are the layers of the thoracic wall from most superficial (skin) to most deep (lung)?
*Hint: there are 10, including the skin and lung!
1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous tissue
3. External intercostal m.
4. Internal intercostal m.
5. Neurovascular plane
6. Innermost intercostal m.
7. Endothoracic fascia
8. Parietal pleura
9. Visceral pleura
10. Lung
In the neurovascular plane, the orientation is such that the intercostal vein is most superior, followed by the intercostal artery, and lastly the intercostal nerve (VAN)
The parietal pleura has four different names based on its immediate relationships. What are these four names?
1. Costal pleura
2. Cupula
3. Diaphragmatic Pleura
4. Mediastinal Pleura
What is the function of the coronary ostia in the aortic valve?
This is where blood is shunted from the aortic valve to the circulation of the heart
What are the layers of the heart from most superficial to deep before hitting the myocardium?
1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Parietal layer of serous pericardium
3. Pericardial fluid (in cavity)
4. Visceral layer of serous pericardium
5. Myocardium