Levels of Consciousness
This level includes everything you are currently aware of.
Conscious
Working night shifts causes this circadian disruption.
Shift Work
Vivid dreaming and paralysis occur here.
REM
Walking or performing actions during deep sleep.
Somnambulism/Sleepwalking
This theory says sleep helps store memories.
Memory Consolidation Theory
This level contains information that is not currently in awareness but can be easily recalled.
Preconscious
Traveling across time zones can disrupt our circadian rhythm. What is this called?
Jet Lag
Light sleep, includes hypnic jerks.
NREM1
Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
Insomnia
This theory says sleep repairs the body.
Restoration theory
This level involves automatic bodily functions you are not aware of, like heartbeat.
Nonconscious
A roughly 24-hour biological cycle.
Circadian
Deepest sleep stage; hard to wake.
NREM3
Sudden REM attacks during the day.
Narcolepsy
This dream theory says dreams help store learned information.
Consolidation Theory
Freud said unacceptable thoughts and desires are stored here.
Unconscious
A rhythm that repeats more than once in 24 hours, like sleep cycles.
Ultradian
Sleep stage marked by sleep spindles.
NREM2
Breathing repeatedly stops during sleep.
Sleep Apnea
Alex has been studying for a big exam all week. After a full night’s sleep, they notice they remember the material much better and can solve problems more easily. Using what you know about sleep and dream theories, explain which theory or theories could account for Alex’s improved performance and why.
Memory consolidation theory - This theory provides the most direct explanation for Alex's improved memory. It states that sleep plays an active role in converting newly acquired, fragile memories into a stable, long-term format. This process involves the brain consolidating factual (declarative) and skill-based (procedural) memories.
You suddenly remember a song lyric while doing homework without trying to think of it. Explain how this moment could involve both preconscious and unconscious processing.
Unconscious processes handle the initial, inaccessible storage of the information, while preconscious processes manage the retrieval and filtering of that information just before it becomes available to your conscious mind.
This type of biological rhythm lasts longer than 24 hours, such as the human menstrual cycle or seasonal animal behaviors.
Infradian
What do we call the concept that describes the seemingly contradictory fact that the brain appears to be more active in REM sleep, similar to when they are awake?
Paradoxical sleep
Acts out dreams because the body is not paralyzed during REM.
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
This dream theory says dreams are the brain interpreting random neural firing.
Activation-Synthesis Theory