Court Cases
The case that established judicial review
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Extension: What does judicial review enable the courts to do?
The two levels of courts
What is state and federal?
Extension: What are the three types in each level?
The amendment that includes the equal protections clause
What is the 14th amendment?
Extension: What process was the 14th amendment utilized for?
The term for being a citizen of the state and federal government
What is dual citizenship?
Extension: What case established this?
The three types of law
What is civil, criminal, and public law?
Extension: In which types is the government involved?
The case that required for everyone to receive legal counsel, regardless of their financial situation.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
Extension: How does the government provide legal defense for everyone?
The two types of jurisdiction
What is original and appellate jurisdiction?
Extension: What jurisdiction does each court type have?
What is rational basis, intermediate scrutiny, and strict scrutiny?
Extension: Where does gender fall?
The two parts of the First Amendment
What is the free exercise and establishment clause?
Extension: What does each clause mean?
The three types of SCOTUS writing pieces?
What are the majority, minority, and concurring opinions?
Extension: What is the purpose of each?
The rule that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
What is the exclusionary rule?
Extension: What case established this?
The number of judges that need to agree to take a case
What is the rule of four?
Extension: What is a writ of certiorari?
The two types of segregation
What is de facto and de jure segregation?
Extension: What does each mean and which one is legal?
The two models for describing the behavior of judges
What is the legal and attitudinal model?
Extension: What is judicial restraint and activism?
The three categories qualifying for strict scrutiny
What is race, religion, and national origin?
The case that established "separate but equal"
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Extension: What case overturned it?
The practice of the President consulting senators when making judicial appointments
What is senatorial curtesy?
Extension: When is it strongest/most influential?
The case that denied former slaves citizenship
What is Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Extension: What did this case therefore invalidate?
The term for following precedent
What is stare decisis / "let the decision stand"?
Extension: Why is precedent so significant? Is it permanent?
The three parts of the Lemon test
1. Avoid entanglement with the government
2. Serves a secular purpose
3. Doesn't promote or inhibit religion
Extension: What case established the Lemon test?
The three cases, in order, that involved abortion
What is Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade, and Dobbs v. Jackson?
Extension: What did each case decide?
The attorney that represents the United States in Supreme Court cases
What is the solicitor general?
Extension: Why are they influential (nicknamed the "tenth justice")?
The law that enabled federal agents to oversee voter registration, in hopes of ending the Jim Crow era
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Extension: What law immediately proceeded this one?
The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states, one by one
What is selective incorporation?
Extension: Why did the Bill of Rights initially not apply to the states?
The two different approaches to creating equality
What is equality of opportunity and equality of condition?
Extension: Which one includes Affirmative Action?