Macromolecule Structure
What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule?
a. triglyceride
b. dipeptide
c. nucleotide
d. phospholipid
c. nucleotide
Which macromolecule is primarily used for storing genetic information in a cell?
a. Lipids
b. Nucleic acids
c. carbohydrates
d. proteins
b. Nucleic acids
What kind of macromolecules are enzymes?
a. Nucleic acids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Lipids
c. Proteins
Calories are a measure of energy. If you consume too many calories in a day, the excess will likely be converted into and stored as which type of macromolecule?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Protein
c. Lipids
d. Nucleic acids
c. Lipids
What element do we find in ALL organic molecules?
a. Sulfur
b. Carbon
c. Calcium
d. Iron
b. Carbon
Which of these describes the structure of a protein?
a. a folded chain of amino acids
b. a folded chain of carbohydrates
c. a branched chain of fatty acids
d. a branched chain of nucleic acids
a. a folded chain of amino acids
Which of these is NOT a function of proteins?
a. Build bone and muscle
b. Serve as catalysts for chemical reactions
c. Insulate the body and organs from cold
d. Store and transmit genetic information
d. Store and transmit genetic information
What is the name of the part of the enzyme that binds with the substrate?
a. Reactant
b. Product
c. Active site
d. Activation energy
c. Active site
In humans and other multicellular organisms, which substance plays a central role as a quick energy source?
a. lipids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic Acids
c. Carbohydrates
Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose, commonly found in sugarcane and sugar beets. Which type of macromolecule is sucrose?
a. Lipid
b. Nucleic acid
c. Carbohydrate
d. Protein
c. Carbohydrate
Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules?
a. Glucose molecules combine to make nucleic acids.
b. Nucleic acids combine to make starch.
c. Proteins combine to make glucose.
d. Amino acids combine to make proteins.
d. Amino acids combine to make proteins.
Before a football game, all the players on the team eat a big pasta dinner full of carbohydrates to provide them the energy they need to play well. Which characteristic of life does the function of carbohydrates illustrate?
a. All living things reproduce
b. All living things obtain and use energy
c. All living things are made of cells
d. All living things grow and develop
b. All living things obtain and use energy
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
a. By lowering the activation energy
b. By manufacturing proteins
c. By adding channels
d. By being used up in reactions
a. By lowering the activation energy
We obtain all of the macromolecules from the food we eat except for...
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. Nucleic Acids
d. Nucleic Acids
A biological molecule is analyzed, and it is discovered that the molecule is composed of several amino acids. Which of these identifies the biological molecule?
a. It is a lipid.
b. It is an unsaturated fat.
c. Is is a protein
d. It is a monosaccharide
c. Is is a protein
The structure of a starch molecule is composed of many glucose molecules bonded together. Which of the following statements best explains why starch is classified as a polymer?
a. repetitive combination of simple subunits
b. organic compound molecule
c. high mobility as a result of its long length
d. contains carbon-based functional groups
a. repetitive combination of simple subunits
How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?
a. Both are a source of energy.
b. Both are replicated during meiosis.
c. Both lower the activation energy of reactions.
d. Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.
a. Both are a source of energy.
Some people cannot digest milk products because they lack a specific enzyme. Which enzyme would be used to break down the lactose in milk?
a. hydroxylase
b. maltase
c. peroxisomes
d. lactase
d. lactase
Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?
a. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production
b. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body
c. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy
d. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body
b. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body
Which type of molecules combine to make up the protein portion of hemoglobin?
a. fatty acids
b. amino acids
c. monosaccharides
d. polysaccharides
b. amino acids
Which statements explain the primary difference between the structure of a nucleic acid and the structure of a protein?
a. A nucleic acid has alternating base pairs. A protein has alternating peptides.
b. Nitrogen bases form the backbone of a nucleic acid. Peptides form the backbone of a protein.
c. Nucleotides link together to form a nucleic acid. Amino acids link together to form a protein.
d. A nucleic acid is held together by the sugar-phosphate complex. A protein is held together by the carbon-carbon bonds.
c. Nucleotides link together to form a nucleic acid. Amino acids link together to form a protein.
Fats are specialized lipid molecules, and enzymes are specialized protein molecules. How do the functions of fats and enzymes differ?
a. Fats are structural building materials, while enzymes are transportation molecules.
b. Fats provide support for cells, while enzymes lower the pH of gastric fluids.
c. Fats regulate body functions, while enzymes denature invasive bacteria.
d. Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.
d. Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.
Which of these could INCREASE the rate of enzyme activity?
a. Lowering the temperature
b. Remove enzymes
c. Add more substrate
d. Add competitive inhibitors
c. Add more substrate
An advertisement for a health supplement claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide quick energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?
a. Carbohydrates and lipids
b. Nucleic acids and carbohydrates
c. Proteins and carbohydrates
d. Lipids and nucleic acids
c. Proteins and carbohydrates
A scientist isolates a carbon-based molecule in the lab. The molecule contains a ribose sugar and several nitrogenous bases including adenine and uracil. What molecule has he found?
a. Triglyceride
b. RNA
c. Polypeptide
d. DNA
b. RNA