Figurative Language
Leaves danced in the wind.
Personification
Tone is...
The author's attitude
As a teacher with 25 years of classroom experience, I have seen how sleep deprivation affects learning.
Which appeal is used, and what effect does it have?
Ethos - the speaker builds credibility through personal expertise.
True or False: Two passages on the same topic usually tell the same story.
False: they present different perspectives
Later school start times would significantly improve student performance and well-being. Research shows that teenagers require more sleep than adults, yet early schedules prevent them from getting adequate rest. However, some community members argue that changing start times would disrupt transportation systems and after-school activities, creating new logistical challenges for families.
What is the claim?
Later school start times would significantly improve student performance and well-being
I've told you a thousand times.
Hyperbole
Mood is...
The reader's feelings
Imagine dragging yourself through school every day, too tired to focus or even stay awake.
Which appeal is used, and what is the effect?
When analyzing multiple sources, you should always identify what first?
The main idea of each source.
While later start times may benefit some students, the financial cost of restructuring transportation systems would strain already tight school budgets.
Identify what part of the writing this is.
Counterclaim
The buzzing bees built homes.
Alliteration
Dark, silent, empty create what mood?
Sad, eerie, lonely, etc.
Research from Harvard Medical School confirms that adolescent brains function differently in the morning.
Which appeal is the strongest and why?
Ethos because it relies on the credibility of Harvard.
If Passage A uses research and Passage B focuses on family impact, what is the key difference?
Supporters of later start times emphasize improved academic performance and mental health. They point to research linking adequate sleep with higher GPA and fewer absences. Critics, however, contend that older students often have after-school jobs and family responsibilities that would be pushed later into the evening.
What side of the argument is the author focusing on? Give examples from the text to show this.
Supporters of later start times.
Has more detail
Includes research or data
Is explained more fully
Her backpack was a mountain of homework.
Metaphor
If an author uses words like outrageous, reckless, irresponsible, the tone is...
Critical
Angry
According to the CDC study, teens who sleep 8 hours score 12% higher on standardized tests.
Which appeal is strongest and why?
Even though the CDC is a credible source, the strength comes from the data, not the authority.
Passage A supports later school start time.
Passage B supports keeping the schedule the same.
How do they relate?
They present opposing viewpoints.
Two passages argue about school start times.
One uses research about sleep.
The other focuses on family routines.
“What is the MOST important factor in deciding which argument is stronger?”
Quality of evidence
Logical reasoning
Relevance to audience
Depth of explanation
Balance of perspectives
What does the metaphor suggest?
His excuse was a paper shield.
His excuse is weak/ineffective.
What type of words do author's choose to influence reader mood and perception?
A)Denotative words
B)Connotative words
C)Diction words
D)Pathos words
Connotative Words
Students deserve a schedule that aligns with biological science.
Which appeal is strongest and why?
If you argue your opinion in a written response, you MUST include:
A clear claim + evidence from the passages.
Passage A argues later school start times improve academic performance.
Passage B argues changing start times disrupts family routines.
Write one sentence explaining the key difference in their arguments.
Passage A focuses on student health and research-based benefits, while Passage B emphasizes practical challenges for families and communities.