DNA
Shape of DNA.
What is the double helix?
Organelles in all cells
What is ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membranes?
Monomer of a protein.
What is an amino acid?
–ose, -ase
What are sugar endings, enzyme ending.
ATTGCCG —> ATCGCCG
What is a point mutation?
Monomer of nucleic acids
What is a nucleotide?
Type of gas “inhaled” and “exhaled” by plant cells to make food
O2, CO2
Bond that holds protein monomers together.
What is a peptide bond?
Factors that cause denaturation of active site.
What are temperature, salinity, and pH?
ATTGCCG—> ATTCGCCG
What is a frameshift mutation?
Function of DNA
What is Blueprints of the cell/ codes for proteins?
Organic molecules that provide energy
Carbohydrates (short term), lipids (long term)
DNA--> mRNA--> Protein
What is transcription, translation.
AKA the Central Dogma
Synthesis reactions, decompostion reactions.
What is building products and destroying products?
Stem Cells
What is can become any type of cell?
Monomer of nucleic acids and 3 pieces of the DNA monomer.
What is a nucleotide: deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base (ATCG).
End products of mitosis
What are 2 genetically identical, diploid (2n) daughter cells?
Site of transcription in the cell, site of translation.
What is the nucleus, and ribosome (in cytoplasm)?
Three types of mRNA.
What are messenger, transfer, and ribosomal?
Gene Regulation
What is process by which cells are differentiated. Genes get turned on or turned off depending on cell type?
How all cells in a body contain the same exact DNA, yet we have specialized cells.
What is gene regulation/ turning genes on and off?
Cell has an internal water concentration of 75%, water concentration outside the cell is 70%.
What is water will leave the cell via osmosis?
Molecule that carries amino acids into ribosome, and how it knows which to carry.
What is tRNA carries in amino acids, tRNA anticodon corresponds to the mRNA codon?
Method used by enzymes to catalyze reactions.
What is enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction?
Communication between organs vs. communication between cells.
What is long distance vs. short distance communication?