Memory stores
This type of memory lasts only 0.2–0.4 seconds for visual information and about 3–4 seconds for auditory information.
What is sensory memory (iconic and echoic)?
This component of working memory controls attention and allocates cognitive resources.
What is the central executive?
This type of long-term memory includes procedural skills like riding a bike.
What is implicit (procedural) memory?
This type of retrieval involves producing information with minimal cues.
What is recall?
Grouping digits of a phone number into chunks is an example of this memory strategy.
What is chunking?
The short-term memory has a capacity of about 7 ± 2 items.
What is Miller’s magic number for short-term memory capacity?
This part of working memory allows us to mentally “hear” words and sounds.
What is the phonological loop?
Memories of facts and general knowledge are stored in this type of explicit memory.
What is semantic memory?
A multiple-choice test is an example of this type of retrieval.
What is recognition?
Repeating information to keep it in STM without adding meaning is known as this.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
This type of memory is considered to have unlimited capacity and potentially stores information indefinitely.
What is long-term memory?
This working memory component retains visual and spatial information.
What is the visuospatial sketchpad?
Episodic memory is considered this type of memory, because it requires conscious recall.
What is explicit (declarative) memory?
When new information makes it harder to remember old information, this interference effect occurs.
What is retroactive interference?
This mnemonic strategy involves imagining placing items in familiar locations.
What is the method of loci?
This form of memory acts as a buffer between sensory input and long-term memory.
What is short-term memory?
This component integrates information from long-term memory with short-term processing.
What is the episodic buffer?
The cerebellum plays a key role in storing this kind of memory.
What is procedural (implicit) memory?
Forgetting something because it was never properly encoded is called this.
What is encoding failure?
SQ4R is a memory strategy that stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Relate, and this final step.
What is Review?
The model of memory proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) divides memory into sensory, short-term, and long-term stores.
What is the multi-store model of memory?
Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed this model of short-term memory.
What is the working memory model?
The hippocampus is especially important for consolidating this type of memory.
What are declarative (explicit) memories?
This “phenomenon” occurs when we feel like we know something but can’t quite recall it.
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
Grant et al. (1998) found that memory performance is better when study and test conditions match, a phenomenon known as this.
What is context-dependent memory?