Jacksonian Democracy
This 1828 election was a turning point where a war hero, not born to wealth or from an Eastern state, claimed to represent the "common man".
Andrew Jackson
In 1845, journalist John L. O’Sullivan coined this term to describe the divinely sanctioned duty of the U.S. to overspread the continent.
Manifest Destiny
This 1820 deal admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, setting the 36°30’ line as a boundary for slavery's expansion.
Missouri Compromise
Modeled on the Declaration of Independence, this 1848 document was produced at Seneca Falls to demand equal rights and suffrage for women.
Declaration of Sentiments
This period of economic shift saw production move from home-based "cottage industries" to a national market fueled by factory production.
Market Revolution
Resulting from the Indian Removal policy, this 1838 forced march of the Cherokee Nation to western lands led to thousands of deaths.
Trail of Tears
The 1845 annexation of this territory as a slave state was viewed by some as a fulfillment of a "natural right" but led to war with Mexico.
Texas
A key feature of the Compromise of 1850, this principle allowed residents of new territories like Utah to vote on whether to permit slavery.
popular sovereignty
Led by figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson, this movement emphasized intuition and nature as a reaction against the materialism of industrial society.
Trancedentalism
This factory model in Massachusetts recruited young, single women to live in company-owned boarding houses and work in textile mills.
Lowell System
Under Jackson, the selection of candidates by party leaders was replaced by these public events, such as dinners and rallies, to increase voter participation.
nominating convention
This 1848 treaty concluded the Mexican-American War, with Mexico ceding vast territories like California and Nevada to the U.S.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Part of the 1850 Compromise, this law made returning runaway slaves a federal duty and removed the matter from the control of individual states.
Fugitive Slave Act
This reform movement, predominately promoted by women, worked to reduce or eliminate the consumption of alcohol.
Temperance Movement
This 363-mile waterway, completed in 1825, connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and revolutionized trade and travel times.
Erie Canal
This party formed in the 1830s to oppose Jackson’s "executive tyranny," mockingly referring to him as "King Andrew I" for his frequent use of the veto.
Whigs
This 2,000-mile route was the primary path for pioneers heading to the Northwest in the 1840s.
The Oregon Trail.
This 1854 act repealed the 36°30’ line and sparked a violent period of guerrilla warfare in the West known as "Bleeding Kansas."
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This religious revival of the early 1800s inspired moral reform movements like Abolition and the Temperance movement.
Second Great Awakening
The Market Revolution’s manufacturing growth in the North was heavily dependent on these two raw materials harvested by slave labor in the South.
cotton and tobacco
Sparked by the "Tariff of Abominations," this 1832 crisis involved South Carolina attempting to declare federal laws void within its own borders.
Nullification Crisis
This 1853 land purchase from Mexico was intended to facilitate a southern transcontinental railroad and finalized the current contiguous U.S. borders.
Gadsden Purchase
Deepening sectional divides were illustrated by this concept that was highlighted by the economic reality of a Northern region focused on manufacturing and a Southern region dependent on raw materials.
Sectionalism
This Transcendentalist argued in 1849 that citizens should break unjust laws to act as agents of justice.
Henry David Thoreau
This 1823 policy announced that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to European colonization, asserting a new role for the U.S. in the region
Monroe Doctrine