This is a learned response to an event. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiment the salivation in response to a bell is this.
What is a conditioned response?
100
This type of reinforcer works because of the biological make-up of a human or animal. For example, if you reward a child's behavior with food, they will automatically know the value of the reward.
What is a Primary Reinforcer?
100
This person is credited for the discovery of the concept of classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
100
In operant conditioning, this occurs to a behavior after repeated lack of reinforcement. For example, if a child is no longer given a grade for completing homework, they may stop completing homework.
What is extinction?
100
This type of reinforcer must be learned. Rewards such as certificates are examples of these. In order for them to be effective, a child must first learn that certificates are a positive reward.
What is a Secondary Reinforcer?
200
In classical conditioning, this is what causes a natural (NOT learned) response. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiment the food is this.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
200
This type of reinforcement strengthens a response by removing something undesirable or unpleasant. For example, pushing your snooze button will silence your annoying alarm and increase odds that you will repeat that behavior in the future.
What is a negative reinforcement?
200
According to this psychologist, self-actualization is the need to live up to our fullest and unique potential.
Who is Maslow?
200
In this method of learning, one stimulus calls forth a response that is usually called forth by another stimulus.
For example, Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell.
Salivation usually occurred as a result of being fed; learning by association.
What is classical conditioning?
200
This type of learning occurs by watching and imitating others. Bandura's research confirmed that a child could learn to be aggressive by watching acts of aggression.
What is observational learning?
300
In classical conditioning this is the natural response to a natural event. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiment the salivation in response to food is this.
What is an unconditioned response?
300
This type of punishment presents an unpleasant stimulus after behavior decreases the chances that the behavior will reoccur.
What is positive punishment?
300
This is Maslow's proposal for the order in which we fulfill our needs; the pyramid of human needs that suggests once our lower level physiological needs are met, we are prompted to satisfy our higher level safety and physiological needs.
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
300
This involves permanent changes in behavior due to practice or experience.
What is learning?
300
This type of learning is hidden until needed.
What is latent learning?
400
In classical conditioning, this is the learned event that causes a learned response. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiment the bell is this.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
400
This partial reinforcement schedule rewards a response after some defined period of time. For example, a weekly paycheck.
What is a fixed interval schedule?
400
This psychologist is known for teaching Baby Albert to fear his pet rat.
Who is John Watson?
400
This procedure is a method of teaching complex behaviors with small steps in the "right direction". For example, if a parent wants to teach their child how to use the toilet, they first just show the child how to sit on the toilet. The parent will then reinforce this behavior with praise or reward. Each subsequent step toward the desired goal is rewarded or reinforced.
What is shaping?
400
This is the reapperance of of an extinguished conditioned response.
What is spontaneous recovery?
500
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiment the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell, but not when the telephone would ring.
What is discrimination?
500
This partial reinforcement schedule is where one is rewarded after an unpredictable number of responses. For example, people playing slot machines and they don't know who the winner is.
What is a variable ratio schedule?
500
This psychologist was known for his operant conditioning experiments with pigeons.
Who is BF Skinner?
500
In this method of learning, a person or animal learns due to the consequences of their actions.
What is operant conditioning?
500
These are the six steps of the PQ4R method.
What are Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, and Review?