Reformation
Who is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
A system of thought that put greater importance on the achievements of people rather than religious teachings. It revived interest in the classical works of Greece and Rome.
Humanism
A system of accumulating wealth in gold and silver through trade of raw materials is called....
Mercantilism
What are the three characteristics of an Absolute Monarch?
1. Belief in divine rule 2. Rule by force 3. Complete control of all institutions
What is the Enlightenment?
A time period in which writers and philosophers began to spread ideas about government based on logic and reasoning. It began as a response to the absolute rulers that were in charge in Europe.
What was King Henry VIII best known for?
Beginning the Church of England so that he could divorce his first wife and marry his mistress, Anne Boleyn.
This was a time of great innovation that led to the creation of the telescope, news ways of measuring the universe, and medical advancements.
The Scientific Revolution
What did European countries do in order to get the raw materials and goods they needed but did not have naturally?
Travelled to the "New World" and began creating colonies in the Americas.
This absolute ruler was best known for modernizing Russia and bringing the country out of isolation.
Peter the Great
This Philosophe believed that every person deserved to have their natural rights protected - these rights were life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
True or False: The Catholic Church tried to fight back against the Reformation but it was mostly unsuccessful.
TRUE
Where did the Italian Renaissance begin? Give one reason why.
Florence, Italy - 1) Italy was the center of the Classic Roman Empire 2) Trading ports in the Mediterranean led to important banking locations 3) Cultural Diffusion due to trade and travel passing through Italy made people aware of new ideas from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East
What is the Columbian Exchange
The system of international trade routes between the 'new world' and the 'old world' that was first started by Christopher Columbus.
This absolute monarch gained control from his father and was known for creating alliances by strategic marriages to princesses of different countries.
Philip II
This Philosophe believed that all humans were naturally wicked and that they couldn't be trusted to govern themselves.
Thomas Hobbes
What is an indulgence? What upset Protestants about the practice?
What the church forgives believers for their sins and lessens the time they spend in purgatory after death. The Catholic Church was selling indulgences to raise money to rebuild churches.
Name two impacts of the creation Gutenberg's Printing Press.
1. Books were able to be printed cheaper 2. Books were able to be printed faster 3. Ideas could be shared quicker/more efficiently 4. Increased literacy rates
What is the name for the trade routes that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas? What goods were carried during the 'Middle Passage'?
The route was called the Triangle Trade or the Transatlantic Trade - the Middle Passage carried slaves from Africa to the Americas.
This absolute monarch showed his power by moving all government business to his private residence at Versailles.
Louis XIV
This Philosophe advocated for women's rights and equal education for female citizens.
Mary Wollstonecraft
What was the Protestant Reformation?
The Protestant Reformation challenged the traditional views of the Catholic church and accused clergy of corruption. The Protestants do not follow the Pope as the leader of the church.
What do the Reformation, Renaissance, and Scientific Revolution have in common?
Encouraged people to think differently, challenged traditions of the church and kings, focused on the 'hear and now' instead of the afterlife, allowed citizens to question institutions
What three European countries were the main colonizing powers?
Spain, France, and England
Why did Absolute Monarchs support the system of Mercantilism?
Under Mercantilism, people believed there was a finite (or limited) amount of wealth. Monarchs wanted to control as much of the gold and silver as possible. They did this by taking advantage of the resources of their colonies and hoarding gold and silver wealth.
This Philosophe was against mercantilism and advocated for a free market economy.
Adam Smith