DNA/RNA
The Nucleas
Dominant and recessive alleles use what kind of "letters" to represent traits?
Dominant = CAPITAL
recessive = lower-case
A cell spends the majority of its lifetime in what phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
There is one set way to perform science. Science never changes and is constant.
FALSE!!
Describe Passive Transport
DAILY DOUBLE!! Double points if you can provide an example
Movement or particles in and out of cells. Does NOT use energy. High to low concentration of particles.
Example: Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
(Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid, or Nucleic acid)
Nucleic Acid
(that's what the N.A. stands for!)
AA
Aa
aa
AA = Homozygous Dominant
Aa = Heterozygous
aa = Homozygous recessive
How many divisions are involved in Mitosis and Meiosis? AND what type of cells are involved for each?
Mitosis = 2 new IDENTICAL cells, Somatic cells (body cells)
Meiosis = 4 new DIFFERENT cells, Gamete cells
(sperm and egg cells)
What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
Observations = Gathering information/data using the 5 senses. (sight, touch, taste, hearing, smell)
Inference = making a conclusion or summary based on your observations.
Describe Active Transport.
DAILY DOUBLE! Double points if you can provide an example.
Movement of particles in and out of cells. Does require energy. Low to High concentration of particles.
Example: Endocytosis, Exocytosis
Name the 3 types of RNA.
DAILY DOUBLE!!! (Double points if you name their functions also)
mRNA - messenger RNA (involved in transcription)
tRNA - transfer RNA (involved in translation)
rRNA - ribosomal RNA (involved in translation)
Describe Non-Mendelian genetics. (Codominance and Incomplete Dominance)
Codominance = BOTH traits completely are shown.
Example: Patches, Dots, Stripes
Incomplete Dominance = Both traits are not completely shown. Mixing of traits.
Example: Black + White = Grey
Red + White = Pink
Mitosis and Meiosis each start with Diploid cells, but end up with which type?
Mitosis = ends with diploid or haploid
Meiosis = ends with diploid or haploid
Mitosis = ends with Diploid (2 sets of chromosomes, from Mom and Dad)
Meiosis = ends with Haploid (1 set of chromosomes)
What is the difference between a Scientific Theory and Scientific Law?
Theory = "EXPLAINS WHY" things happen
Law = "DESCRIBES WHAT" something is and can predict future events. Often has a math equation.
Osmosis is the movement of ______. Always moves from ______ concentration to ______ concentration.
Water.
High to Low concentration.
Where in the cell do mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA come together to synthesize proteins?
The Ribosome
What does "Genotype" mean?
What does "Phenotype" mean?
Genotype = shows alleles for a trait
Example: Aa, BB, cc
Phenotype = physical expression of a gene
Example: brown eyes, curly hair, height
S-phase.
Synthesis phase. ("Synthesize" means to make something. The cell copying/making new DNA before a cell divides into new ones)
Hypothesis: If I go to the gym more often and lift heavy weights, then my muscles will grow.
Name the:
Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
Independent = more gym and heavy weights (the thing we change. The "CAUSE")
Dependent = growth in muscles (the thing we can measure. The "EFFECT")
If there is 30% salt and 70% water INSIDE a cell, in a solution made of 60% salt and 40% water OUTSIDE the cell...what will happen to the cell.
The HYPOTONIC cell will shrink and shrivel, because the solution on the outside is HYPERTONIC.
The water inside the cell will flow outside, because there is more salt on the outside.
What is important about DNA and RNA?
They contain the code for every individual's genetic information. (The specific recipe that makes you, YOU!!)
Codes for and make proteins for your body to develop and function.
A = Black fur
a = orange fur
What will the offspring look like if a Homozygous recessive female crossed with Heterozygous male?
(Hint: make a Punnet square)
Aa / Black fur = 50%
aa / orange fur = 50%
2:2 ratio
Mitosis = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Meiosis = Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2
The experimental receives the experiment. The control group is used to compare normal conditions with the experiment to see any results.
Describe what it means if a solution is:
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic = Equal distribution of solutes
Hypertonic = High concentration of solutes in comparison
Hypotonic = Low concentration of solutes in comparison