Condition This
"Discovered" Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Anything that follows a behavior and INCREASES the tendency to repeat it.
Reinforcement
The tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past
learned helplessness
Best known for his Social Learning Theory
ALBERT BANDURA
Learn by observing other
Observational Leanring
The Bell in Pavlov's famous classical Conditioning experiment.
Neutral or Conditioned.
A pioneer in Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Example: Gold Stars for students who are rewarded after a number of achievements
Token Economy
Pinonner of Counterconditioning
Mary Cover Jones
Reinforcers that are biologically important
Primary Reinforcers
When the conditioned response spreads to other similar stimuli.
Generalization
use successive approximations to train behaviors
Shaping
Using feedback about biological conditions to bring involuntary responses such as blood pressure and heart rates, under voluntary control
Biofeedback
Best known for his work with Conditioned Taste Aversion
JOHN GARCIA
Receive reward for every response
Continuous Reinforcement schedule
involves the ability to distinguish between one stimulus and similar stimuli
Discrimination
Reinforcing behaviors that are intrinsically motivated causes you to stop doing them
Overjustificaiton Effect
Learning that remains hidden until it is useful
Latent Learning
Best known for his work on Learning Theory. Studied how cats learned to escape from a puzzle box. Concluded escape was a process of learning/trial and error, rather than mere insight. Developed the Law of Effect
EDWARD THORNDIKE
occurs when a CS and US are paired, gradually resulting in a CR.
Acquisition
Make a new conditioning pattern. For example, getting rid of fears by making new associations.
Counterconditioning
High probability activities reinforce low-probability activities
The sudden perception of relationships among various parts of a problem, allowing the solution to the problem to come quickly
Insight learning
Best known for his work on learned helplessness
Seligman
Schedules that are most resistant to extinction
Variable (Ratio)
A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus.
is the reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non-exposure to the reinforcement
Spontaneous Recovery
a brain cell that reacts both when a particular action is performed and when it is only observed.
Mirror Neurons
Expanded on Pavlov’s work; focused on Contingency Theory
ROBERT RESCORLA
Name of Child in Watson's Famous Experiment
Little Albert