Cell Communication 1
What are the 3 stages of cell signalling?
Reception, Transduction, Response
A phosphorylation cascade is which of the following:? reception, transduction, response?
transduction
During which phase is chromatin lose and unpacked?
interphase
Cell spend the majority of their time in which phase of the cell cycle?
interphase
What would be the result of a mutation in a CDK gene that made the CDK perpetually active?
It would cause a cell to constantly be dividing
Release of testosterone is an example of long distance or short distance signalling?
A phosphorylation cascade is caused by these activating molecules....
protein kinases
In which phase are the chromosomes lined up in the middle?
metaphase
G1, S, G2, Mitosis
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
A malignant tumor releases cells that can invade new parts of the body
Which of the 3 stages (reception, transduction, response) involves the ligand?
reception
What does a protein phosphatase do?
inactivate molecule by removing phosphate group
Which phase of mitosis involves the coiling and condensing of chromatin?
prophase
What occurs during the S phase?
duplication of chromosomes
How many checkpoints are there and what are their names?
3 - G1, G2 and M phase checkpoints
A change in transcription or change in phenotype would be which of the following?: response, transduction, or reception?
response
Give 2 examples of possible results (responses) of a transduction event.
apoptosis, up regulation or down regulation of a particular protein, turning a gene on or off, altering gene expression, gene regulation, activating or deactivating an enzyme
What is the product of mitosis?
two genetically identical diploid daughter cells
G1
What does a CDK do?
it gives the go ahead for cells to pass through G1 and G2 and to divide
Activation of the G protein would be which of the following:? Response, reception, or transduction?
transduction
If blood Ca levels fall too low, PTH signals for Ca to be released into the bloodstream from the bones. Is this an example of positive or negative feedback?
Why were there so few examples of anaphase in the onion root tip cells?
Cells spend very little time in anaphase
What phases does a cell enter if it never passes through the G1 check point?
G0 (non-dividing phase)
What causes cancer and what is the result of cancer? Explain at the molecular level
A mutation in a regulatory protein causes the cell to divide uncontrollably. This results in a growth called a tumor that can damage the body and lead to death.