Causes of Exploration
Two Chinese and Arab merchant technologies that allowed Europeans to explore outside of the Mediterranean
caravel, lateen sail, magnetic compass, astrolabe, advanced cartography, knowledge of wind patterns
Ferdinand Magellan
Define mercantilism
State policies designed to export as much as possible and import as little as possible in order maximize the intake of gold and silver (and minimize the loss of it)
The British Crown commissioned _______ to attack Spanish ships in the Atlantic
pirates (sea dogs)
Two goods originating in the Americas
maize, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, beans, peppers, cacao, tobacco, turkey, etc.
Two major motivations for European exploration
Primogeniture laws, to spread Christianity, to gain wealth, to gain fame, the Italian monopoly on trade with Asia (new route to Asia)
_____________ often followed European merchants
Jesuits/missionaries
Aztec & Încă
One effect of new foods on the Eastern Hemisphere
population growth; better diets
Most African slaves brought to America originated from this region
West Africa
Describe the disagreement between Columbus and the Catholic Church
The Church believed Earth was 2x larger than Columbus did, so they wouldn’t fund his voyage West. (They were right.)
China was interested in _________ from the West
silver
Portugal took control of the spice trade from
Arab/Muslim traders
Two advantages the conquistadores had over American populations
disease; weapons; horses
The cultivation of this crop increased the Transatlantic Slave Trade
sugar
The two European countries who were first in exploration
Spain & Portugal
One way early French settlements in North America differ from those of other European countries
Their settlements were less permanent and largely based on fur trade with natives; they had much smaller populations compared to other European settlements
_________ pushed the Portuguese out of India
Spain experienced economic devastation due to inflation that was caused by
mining silver in the Americas (which created an influx of currency, causing devaluation)
Sugar replaced __________ as Europe’s main moneymaker
silver
East; West
Portugal’s voyages to Asia resulted in Portugal creating a _______________ empire across Africa and Asia.
trading-post
In the early 1500s, Japan outlawed ___________.
Catholicism
The difference between the Columbian Exchange and the Triangular Trade Route
Columbian Exchange: America & Europe
Triangular Trade: America, Africa, & Europe
Term for the dispersion of Africans to other parts of the world
African Diaspora