Pharmacology
Which medication can reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose?
Naloxone
A condition where excessive ventilation leads to elimination of more carbon dioxide, altering blood chemistry and potentially causing constriction of brain blood vessels
Hyperventilation
Where does the heart receive its supply of blood?
Via the coronary arteries
A condition where large areas of the heart muscle die due to lack of blood flow.
Myocardial infarction
What is the trade name for naloxone?
Narcan®
What is the adequate rate for artificial ventilation in infants and children?
12–20 breaths per minute
What is the composition of blood?
Red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
What depth should chest compressions be for an adult during CPR?
At least 2 inches (5 cm)
What is a common side effect of using bronchodilators?
Increased heart rate
Which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing the size of the chest cavity during inspiration?
Diaphragm
The term is used to describe the lack of adequate oxygenated blood to the heart cells?
Ischemia
What is the term for gasping respirations that occur as a reflex to cardiac arrest?
Agonal respirations
What is the primary function of nitroglycerin when administered to a patient?
Dilate coronary vessels
What process involves the contraction of intercostal muscles and the diaphragm to expand the chest cavity?
Inspiration
A cardiovascular disorder where a weakened section of an artery wall balloons outward and may eventually burst.
Aneurysm
What is the term for the condition where the heart's electrical system fails completely and no electricity is created?
Asystole
What is the primary action of epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis?
Constrict blood vessels and relax airway passages
What is a common cause of COPD?
Cigarette smoking
Fainting or near fainting, which can occur when heart cells become ischemic.
syncope
What condition is characterized by blood or other fluids occupying the space between the heart and the pericardial sac?
Cardiac tamponade
Which route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?
Parentera
What happens to the alveoli in emphysema?
The walls of the alveoli break down
Abnormally slow heart rate (slower than 60 beats per minute)
Bradycardia
What is the term for the electrical activity seen on a cardiac monitor when there is mechanical failure but intact electrical function?
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
What is the term for effects that are not only unexpected but also potentially harmful?
Untoward effects
What is the primary cause of respiratory distress in heart failure patients?
Fluid accumulation in the lungs
A condition characterized by the narrowing or blocking of coronary arteries?
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
What are the five elements of the American Heart Association's chain-of-survival concept?
1. Recognition and activation of the emergency response system
2. Immediate high-quality CPR
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Basic and advanced emergency medical services
5. Advanced life support and post arrest care.
Any action of a drug other than the desired action
side effect
A form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) consisting of a mask and a means of blowing oxygen or air into the mask to prevent airway collapse or to help alleviate difficulty breathing.
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A clot or debris that breaks loose and moves to occlude blood flow in a smaller artery.
Embolism
Which cardiac dysrhythmias are AEDs designed to recognize?
Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia
The study of the effects of medications on the body
pharmacodynamics
A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs; also call expiration.
Exhalation
Medications that slow the heart and make it beat less strongly, reducing the heart's workload.
Beta blockers
How often does the AED reanalyze the patient's condition during resuscitation?
Every 2 minute (after 5 cycles of compressions)
A device attached to the end of a syringe that atomizes medication (turns it into very fine droplets
Atomizer
What is the typical range of PEEP provided by most CPAP systems?
7–15 centimeters of water
What are (3) common signs specific to right-sided heart failure?
Jugular venous distention (JVD),
Belly edema
pedal edema
A cardiac arrest dysrhythmia caused by acute blunt force trauma to the chest.
Commotio cordis