Exploration & Tech
This small, highly maneuverable sailing ship was developed by the Portuguese to sail against the wind.
What is the Caravel?
This Spanish labor system forced indigenous people to work on land in exchange for "protection" and Christianity.
What is the Encomienda System?
This Dutch company (the VOC) held a monopoly on spice trade in Southeast Asia.
What is the Dutch East India Company?
This empire used the Devshirme system to create an elite military force known as Janissaries.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
In the Spanish Casta system, this term referred to individuals of mixed European and Indigenous descent.
Who are Mestizos?
Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for navigation in this European country.
What is Portugal?
This Incan labor system was repurposed by the Spanish to force indigenous people to work in silver mines.
What is the Mita system?
This city became the center of Spanish trade in Asia, linking American silver to Chinese markets.
What is Manila?
This Mughal leader was known for his religious tolerance and for abolishing the jizya tax on non-Muslims.
Who is Akbar the Great?
This syncretic religion in the Caribbean blended West African beliefs with Roman Catholicism.
What is Santería (or Voodoo)?
This Chinese explorer led seven voyages in the early 1400s before the Ming Dynasty turned toward isolationism.
Who is Zheng He?
This form of coerced labor involves one person having total ownership over another.
What is Chattel Slavery?
This economic policy argued that a nation’s power depended on its gold reserves and a favorable balance of trade.
What is Mercantilism?
These Japanese "lords" were forced to spend every other year in the capital city of Edo.
Who are the Daimyo?
This group of "New Elites" in the Americas were of Spanish descent but born in the colonies.
Who are Creoles (Criollos)?
This new ship design, used primarily by the Dutch, was designed to maximize cargo space rather than carry cannons.
What is the Fluyt?
This term refers to the global flow of silver, particularly from the Americas to China.
What is the "Silver Drain"?
The "Trading Post Empire" was a strategy used by this country to control commerce rather than large territories.
What is Portugal?
This term describes the diverse, gunpowder-wielding officials who collected taxes for the Mughal Empire.
Who are the Zamindars?
In the Spanish Casta system, this term referred to those born in Spain living in the Americas.
Who are Peninsulares?
These specific seasonal wind patterns were finally understood and mapped by Europeans to cross the Atlantic.
What are the Atlantic Trade Winds?
This "mountain of silver" in modern-day Bolivia was the most productive mine in the world.
What is Potosí?
This Pope-brokered treaty divided the "New World" between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This Russian leader "Westernized" the country, forcing nobles to shave their beards and wear European clothing.
Who is Peter the Great?
This 17th-century rebellion in the American Southwest saw indigenous people successfully expel the Spanish for 12 years.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?