Colombia Exchange and Disease
This Disease devastated Indigenous American populations following European contact
What is Small Pox
This group helped explore and conquer Siberia for the Russian state
Who were the Cossacks?
This dynasty overthrew the Mongol Yuan dynasty in 1368.
What was the Ming dynasty?
This empire conquered Constantinople in 1453.
What was the Ottoman Empire?
This cash crop dramatically transformed plantation agriculture in Brazil and the Caribbean.
What was sugar?
This sailing vessel helped European explorers make transatlantic voyages
What is the caravel?
This was one major defensive motivation for Russian territorial expansion beginning in the 16th century.
What was securing Russia's borders against attack?
This system was retained by the Qing to recruit officials trained in Confucian principles
What was the civil service examination system?
This Mughal ruler promoted religious tolerance and hybrid imperial culture.
Who was Akbar?
This colonial Spanish American hierarchy classified people partly by ancestry.
What was the casta system?
This American crop helped increase food security and population growth in Europe.
What is the potatoe?
This valuable animal product motivated Russian traders to expand into Siberia.
What were furs, especially sable pelts?
This group established the Qing dynasty in China.
Who were the Manchus
This tax on non-muslims was reinstated under Aurangzeb.
What was the jizya?
This religious tradition encouraged Bible reading and contributed to literacy in British North America
What was Protestantism?
Explain why indigenous Americans were particularly vulnerable to Afro-Eurasian deseases.
Indigenous Americans had experienced long-term geographic isolation from Afro-Eurasian populations and therefore lacked prior population exposure to many diseases brought by Europeans.
Explain how Russian political centralization contributed to territorial expansion.
Centralization strengthened the Russian government's ability to organize armies, finance military expeditions, and establish political control over conquered territories.
Explain one reason the Qing allowed cultural diversity in Central Asian territories.
The Qing permitted many local religious and cultural traditions to continue to maintain political stability and govern diverse populations more effectively.
This Ottoman system allowed recognized religious communities to manage many of their internal affairs.
What was the millet system?
Identify the 4 continents connected through the emerging Atlantic World
What were Europe, Africa, North America, and South America?
Explain one environmental consequence of Introducing European cattle into the Americas.
European cattle contributed to overgrazing, which damaged native vegetation, increased soil erosion, and transformed local ecosystems.
Explain why Russian expansion differed from overseas European colonial expansion.
Russia primarily expanded across territories in Eurasia through land-based conquest, while Spain and Portugal established overseas colonial empires through maritime exploration and conquest.
Identify one major continuity and one change between Ming and Qing governance.
One continuity was the use of Confucian bureaucratic practices and civil service examinations. One change was the establishment of Manchu rule and the Qing Empire's extensive territorial expansion into Inner Asia
Explain how gunpowder technology helped expand the Ottoman and Mughal empires.
Gunpowder weapons, including firearms and artillery, enabled the Ottomans and Mughals to defeat rival armies, overcome fortified cities, and consolidate control over conquered territories.
Explain how plantation agriculture affected both labor systems and physical landscapes in the Americas.
Plantation agriculture increased the use of enslaved African labor and transformed landscapes through deforestation and the establishment of large-scale monoculture plantations, especially for sugar.