Water Cycle
How are the processes of evaporation and condensation similar? Both evaporation and condensation–
A occur when water is heated by energy from the sun.
B are observed only in areas that have high winds.
C occur when water is moved between the ocean and the land.
D involve a change of the state of matter of water
D involve a change of the state of matter of water.
Which statement best describes a meteorologist?
A. A person who gives information about the weather
B. A person who studies weather and climate conditions on Earth
C. A person who studies Earth
D. A person who studies meteors in space
B. A person who studies weather and climate conditions on Earth
The geography of a region affects its weather because the shape of landforms influences–
A the amount of sunlight entering the atmosphere.
B the survival rate of organisms living there.
C the volume of sediment reaching the ocean.
D the flow of winds and ocean currents.
D the flow of winds and ocean currents.
Natural fuel formed from the remains of living organisms
A. Greenhouse gases
B. Fossil fuels
C. Global warming
D. Climate change
E. Human activity
B. Fossil fuels
The layers of air above and around Earth
Atmosphere
Gravity plays a major role in the global movement of water in which of the following processes?
A Water vapor rising into the atmosphere
B Water flowing in rivers and streams
C The shifting of ocean currents as they strike land
D The expansion of water as it turns into ice
B Water flowing in rivers and streams
Which of the following observations provides evidence that oceans play a major role in weather patterns on land?
A Most of the major ocean currents are driven by patterns of wind and changed by the shape of the continents.
B Weather patterns are similar along the coast of a continent but different when moving from the coast to the center of a continent.
C Large bodies of water like the Pacific Ocean have very little land to interfere with the movement of ocean currents.
D Temperature differences between the atmosphere and seawater generate very windy conditions over the oceans.
B Weather patterns are similar along the coast of a continent but different when moving from the coast to the center of a continent.
How do oceans influence weather and climate?
A Oceans cause winds to move by the motion of strong currents.
B Oceans reflect the sun’s energy back through the atmosphere into space.
C Oceans absorb the energy of the sun, store it, and release it.
D Oceans’ waves continually generate heat through wave action.
C Oceans absorb the energy of the sun, store it, and release it.
A gradual increase in the average temperature of Earth’s climate system
Global Warming
The daily environmental changes in a specific location or time period
Weather
When developing a model of the cycling of water between the land, ocean, and atmosphere, one must include the forces that propel the water. For the model, these forces would be which of the following?
A Rivers, streams, and tributaries
B The polar ice caps and oceans
C Plants, animals, and human activity
D The sun’s radiation and gravity
D The sun’s radiation and gravity
Complete the following analogy.
COACH : FOOTBALL PLAYS :: METEOROLOGIST : ____________.
A. SEDIMENT
B. WRITING
C. SUN
D. PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
D. PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
Light from the Sun strikes Earth with different intensities in different locations. This is because of -
the angle at which the light strikes Earth
A steady increase in global temperature has been recorded between 1900 and today. Before concluding that this rise in temperature is the result of the increased burning of fossil fuels since that same time, which of the following questions would have to be answered?
A What is the CO2 content in one metric ton of fossil fuels?
B Which gases are released when burning fossil fuels?
C What, if any, temperature rise was occurring prior to 1900?
D How have humans adapted to temperature change?
C What, if any, temperature rise was occurring prior to 1900?
The process during which plants release moisture into the air
Transpiration
Explain how sunlight and gravity affect the water cycle on Earth.
Sunlight is the driving source of energy for the water cycle. Without it, the water cycle would not occur. Gravity provides a direction for water flow. This includes both the falling of water in the form of precipitation and the runoff of water toward larger bodies of water, such as the ocean.
What are major determinants of local weather patterns?
The complex patterns of the changes and the movement of water in the atmosphere, determined by winds, landforms, and ocean temperatures and currents, are major determinants of local weather patterns.
A region of land near the ocean can reasonably be expected to experience what type of effects on its climate due to the influence of the nearby ocean?
A region of land near the ocean can reasonably be expected to have cooler summers and warmer winters due to the influence of the nearby ocean.
What can humans do to reduce the burning of fossil fuels?
Humans can drive less, not idle their vehicles as much when they do drive, weatherproof their homes, and use energy-efficient light bulbs.
The distance from sea level
Altitude
Why does most evaporation in the water cycle happen from Earth’s oceans?
Most evaporation in the water cycle happens from the oceans because oceans expose the most water to the Sun’s energy, driving the process of evaporation.
Explain what atmospheric conditions a meteorologist might use in order to predict the weather within a probabilistic range.
A meteorologist might use temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and the amount of precipitation to predict the weather.
Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving what?
Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving the ocean, sunlight, atmosphere, land, ice, geography, and living things.
What are some indicators that show that the overall climate of Earth is getting warmer?
Indicators such as increased average temperatures, changes in patterns of precipitation, rising sea levels, ice and snow melting sooner, etc. show that the overall climate of Earth is getting warmer.
Gases that trap the energy of the Sun and hold the heat it creates close to Earth
Greenhouse gases