homeostasis
State of relatively stable internal conditions
what is homeostasis
Cell cytoplasm divides
What is cytokinesis?
how does cell communication work?
by sending and receiving signals
What is the messenger called?
A ligand
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
The stroma of the chloroplast
in homeostasis it is a sensor that recieves signals from the environment
receptors
DNA replicates
what is the S phase?
Which stage of signal transduction is best represented by an amplification of the message inside of the cell?
Transduction
When a messenger bind to a receptor, what is the first thing that happens?
The receptor changes shape.
What is mitosis?
When the nucleus of the cell divides
Increases effect of stimulus
positive feedback
The cell grows and carries out normal activities after division has occurred
what is the G1 phase?
What is a G protein?
A type of protein that helps to receive a message.
What happens when the receptor's shape changes?
Sets off a series of signaling events.
Explain the steps of interphase.
G1- Ordinary everyday cell growth
S- DNA replicates
G2- Organelles enlarge and are replicated
Most common feedback, decreases the effect of the stimulus
negative feedback
The stage that includes G1, S, and G2
What is interphase?
What are the 3 stages of signal transduction?
Reception, transduction, response
How do molecules get turned on/off?
a process called Phosphorylation
How do feedback systems control homeostasis?
They maintain temperature, blood glucose levels, heart rate, blood pressure, ect... within a normal range of values, maintain internal environments
how does diffusion help maintain homeostasis?
Diffusion helps maintain homeostasis by creating specific concentrations of molecules inside the body compared to outside.
Cell preparation for division occurs
What is the G2 phase?
How are water soluble and lipid soluble signal molecules absorbed differently in the cell?
Lipid soluble molecules can go directly through the membrane (they are non-polar) and water soluble molecules need a protein to help them be absorbed.
What are the membrane receptors?
Paracrine, Endocrine, Autocrine, Signaling by direct contact.
What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
To produce ATP and NADPH