Mitosis and Meiosis
_______ is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome
What is a chromatid?
This enzyme is not working correctly if the DNA had more than normal level of mutations
What is a DNA Polymerase III?
Function of guanine-cap and poly A tail?
Prevent cytoplasmic degradation
When you are preserving food in the fridge or freezer, and adding some vinegar or lemon juice you are altering the __________ and _________ to reduce enzyme activity.
temperature and pH
Cells that meiosis occurs in
The difference between transcription in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
Location, sequential vs simultaneous
Function of the promoter
A region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins (such as RNA polymerase and transcription factors) bind to initiate transcription of that gen
bonus for every additional process listed
Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father
What are homologous chromosomes?
The “Central Dogma” of biology
The flow of information DNA -> mRNA -> protein
Why is the lac operon turned on in the presence of lactose, while the trp operon is turned off in the presence of trytophan?
environment!
What is transcription?
How does crossing over lead to genetic variation?
The swapping of genetic material during crossing over, the chromatids held together by the centromere are no longer identical.
What is the difference between a leading and a lagging strand?
leading strand template runs 3' to 5'
lagging strand template runs 5' to 3'
List two advantages of controlling gene expression.
energy conservation, cell/tissue versatility
In your own words explain PCR amplification and its benefits
_____
A mnemonic for the stages of mitosis
_ _ _ _ _ _
What kinds of experiments led to the conclusion that DNA is the carrier of genetic information?
Hershey-Chase experiments with bacteriophages
Lac operon is like a thermostat in which the substrate, lactose, induces production of the enzyme that will break it down, lac. Thermostats turn on when the temp is low (for example), and will turn off when the temp is too high
If you had to design a cloning vector, what are some features you would incorporate and why?