Earthquakes/Volcanoes
How many seismic stations are needed to locate an Earthquake's epicenter? (100 bonus points if you can identify the process)
What is 3, trilateration?
The two magma-related factors that control explosiveness.
What is silica content and water content?
These currents inside the mantle cause tectonic plates to move.
What are convection currents?
These units of geologic time are divided by major events.
What are eons, eras, periods, and epochs?
A fold that bends downward is called this. 100 bonus if you can name the type that bends upward.
What is a syncline?
Ropey lava is known by this Hawaiian name.
List the 5 physical layers of earth. Double points if it's in order
What are the
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer core
Inner core
New oceanic crust forms at this type of boundary.
What is a divergent boundary?
If layers are rock do not have inclusions/faults, we can determine which layer is older than another based on what principle..
What is the principle of superposition?
If iodine-131 has a 12-day half-life, 100 g becomes 50 g in this amount of time.
What is 12 days?
Lava with high silica has this property, meaning it flows slowly.
What is high viscosity?
This point underground is where the earthquake starts.
What is the focus?
The Himalayas formed when this type of plate collided with the same type.
What is continental-continental convergence?
Which time period did the first bacteria appear in the geologic record?
What is the Pre-cambrian era?
A radioactive sample decaying from 100 g to 6.25 g has gone through this many half-lives.
What are 4 half-lives?
This scale measures damage from I–XII.
What is the Mercali scale?
Scientists use this method—not drilling or satellites—to study the Earth’s interior.
What is analyzing seismic waves
Yellowstone and Hawaii are volcanic regions caused by this feature.
What is a hot spot?
Principle that states a rock layer is younger than the rocks it cuts across
What are cross-cutting relationships?
An isotope always has the same number of protons but may differ in this.
What are neutrons?
Volcanoes would form on this plate in a subduction diagram.
What is the overriding plate?
What are the types of plate boundaries, what are the types of stress associated with each (300 bonus points if you can name the geographical feature associated with each)
What is a convergent (mountains), divergent (rift valley), and transform boundary (fault)?
What is tension, compression, and shear stress?
In a diagram where one plate subducts beneath another, this plate must be denser.
What is the subducting plate?
Name an extinction and its cause.
Ordovician - silurian - drop in sea level/glaciers
Late Devonian - Lower O2 levels in oceans due to increased plant life
Permian - Triassic - cataclysmic eruptions
Triassic Extinction - Climate change, flood basalts, or asteroid
Cretaceous - Tertiary - Asteroid and or volcanic eruptions.
What volcanic rock has high silica content, low silica content, which will lead to an explosive eruption?
Felsic Rocks like Rhyolite have high silica
Mafic Rocks like basalt have lower silica
Higher silica rocks indicate more explosiveness